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nano-gpt-data-curation

claude-opus-5

nano-gpt-data-curation — graded by the task's verifier against a measured baseline.

backend
modal
variant
claude claude-opus-5
metric
held-out multi-domain perplexity
actions
84
duration
1h 16m
recorded
2026-08-03

run iddclm-nano-curation__D5SotNq

Everything claude-opus-5 did on this task, in order.

download JSON ↗
claude-codeclaude-opus-580 turns37 narration84 action84 observation43 reasoning1 final
#76
narration

Deliverables updated. Final check: verify curate.py reproduces the shipped selection from a cold cache (what a reviewer would run).

toolBashLaunch cold-cache reproduction run
args
{
  "command": "cd /workspace; export TOKENIZERS_PARALLELISM=false\nrm -rf /tmp/cc_cold; mkdir -p /tmp/cc_cold\nsed 's#/tmp/curate_cache#/tmp/cc_cold#g' submission/curate.py > /tmp/cold_curate.py\ngrep -n \"cc_cold\" /tmp/cold_curate.py | head -3\nrm -f /tmp/cold.done\nnohup bash -c 'python3 /tmp/cold_curate.py --out /tmp/sel_cold.json > /tmp/cold.log 2>&1; echo done > /tmp/cold.done' >/dev/null 2>&1 &\ncat /workspace/.timer/remaining_secs",
  "description": "Launch cold-cache reproduction run",
  "timeout": 60000
}
Bash result
44:Stages are cached under /tmp/cc_cold so re-runs are cheap.
52:CACHE = "/tmp/cc_cold"
1305

[stdout]
44:Stages are cached under /tmp/cc_cold so re-runs are cheap.
52:CACHE = "/tmp/cc_cold"
1305
[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}
#77
reasoning (redacted)

encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed

toolRead
args
{
  "file_path": "/workspace/submission/curate.py",
  "limit": 75
}
Read result
1	#!/usr/bin/env python3
2	"""
3	Curate a 12M-token pretraining selection from a raw, unlabeled web pool for a BROAD
4	multi-register high-quality English target (encyclopedic / general web prose / news /
5	technical Q&A).   No labels, no internet, no GPU: ~3 min end-to-end on 15 CPU cores.
6	
7	=============================== STATED CRITERION ===============================
8	Let the disclosed dev target be split into its R = 4 equally-weighted registers
9	(the target file is four contiguous equal blocks).  For each register r we fit a
10	Dirichlet-smoothed backoff bigram model over hashed word n-grams, plus (a) a
11	BACKGROUND model estimated from the pool itself and (b) a "not-r" model (equal
12	mixture of the other registers and the background).  A document d is scored by the
13	register-contrastive Moore-Lewis cross-entropy difference
14	
15	        s_r(d) = H_{not r}(d) - H_r(d)                                       (1)
16	
17	i.e. how much better register r explains d than everything else does.  Technical
18	recall is sharpened by additive bonuses for code/Q&A surface markers, and
19	encyclopedic recall by a bonus for wiki-derived markers (see BONUS below).
20	
21	A document is ELIGIBLE if it passes fixed mechanical junk filters (length,
22	English-ness via stopword rate, non-ASCII rate, mean word length, terminal-
23	punctuation rate, duplicate-line rate, caps/digit rate, boilerplate density,
24	adult/spam terms).  The digit/table/boilerplate rules are relaxed for the
25	encyclopedic register (dates and infobox rows are signal there, not noise) and the
26	prose-shape rules are relaxed for documents that carry >= 3 code markers.
27	
28	SURFACE FORM: the encyclopedic target is detokenized WikiText (94.5% of its
29	punctuation marks are space-separated, 2.8% of its tokens are " @-@ " artifacts) - a
30	style the content score cannot express because it is orthogonal to word identity.
31	SURF_TOKENS of the encyclopedic quota are therefore reserved for the pool documents
32	with the highest space-before-punctuation rate (>= SURF_MIN), highest first.
33	
34	SELECTION = fill a per-register TOKEN QUOTA equal to that register's weight in the
35	evaluation, taking documents in descending s_r(d) and skipping near-duplicates
36	(MinHash LSH over 8-token shingles).  The quota vector MIX is the only tuned knob;
37	it is near-uniform because the metric averages loss uniformly over the registers.
38	Documents are emitted round-robin across registers so that ANY prefix of the list
39	(the trainer consumes the list in order until the budget is full) is register-
40	balanced, followed by a tail buffer of next-best ids that guards the 12M floor.
41	================================================================================
42	
43	Usage:  python3 curate_final.py [--out selection.json] [--mix w,x,y,z]
44	Stages are cached under /tmp/curate_cache so re-runs are cheap.
45	"""
46	import argparse, html, json, os, re, sys, zlib
47	import multiprocessing as mp
48	import numpy as np
49	
50	POOL = "/workspace/data/pool.jsonl"
51	DEV = "/workspace/data/multi_dev.npy"
52	CACHE = "/tmp/curate_cache"
53	BUDGET = 12_000_000
54	N_REG = 4
55	REG_NAMES = ["wiki", "webprose", "news", "techqa"]
56	os.makedirs(CACHE, exist_ok=True)
57	
58	WORD_RE = re.compile(r"[a-z]+|[0-9]+|[^\sa-z0-9]")
59	V_UNI = 1 << 19            # hashed unigram table
60	V_BI = 1 << 21             # hashed bigram table
61	MAXW = 6000                # words scored per document
62	ALPHA = 6.0                # Dirichlet backoff strength (bigram -> unigram)
63	
64	# ---- tuned selection knobs (chosen on the dev target; see claim.md) -----------
65	MIX = (0.225, 0.25, 0.25, 0.275)   # token quota per register
66	CODE_BOOST = 1.2                   # additive bonus, techqa score, per code marker (capped)
67	QA_BOOST = 0.5                     # additive bonus, techqa score, per Q&A marker (capped)
68	WIKI_BOOST = 0.7                   # additive bonus, wiki score, per wiki marker (capped)
69	SURF_TOKENS = 900_000              # tokens of the wiki quota reserved for surface-form matches
70	SURF_MIN = 0.12                    # min space-before-punctuation rate to count as a match
71	
72	
73	# --------------------------------------------------------------------- hashing
74	_HMEMO = {}
75

[metadata] {"type": "text", "file": {"filePath": "/workspace/submission/curate.py", "content": "#!/usr/bin/env python3\n\"\"\"\nCurate a 12M-token pretraining selection from a raw, unlabeled web pool for a BROAD\nmulti-register high-quality English target (encyclopedic / general web prose / news /\ntechnical Q&A).   No labels, no internet, no GPU: ~3 min end-to-end on 15 CPU cores.\n\n=============================== STATED CRITERION ===============================\nLet the disclosed dev target be split into its R = 4 equally-weighted registers\n(the target file is four contiguous equal blocks).  For each register r we fit a\nDirichlet-smoothed backoff bigram model over hashed word n-grams, plus (a) a\nBACKGROUND model estimated from the pool itself and (b) a \"not-r\" model (equal\nmixture of the other registers and the background).  A document d is scored by the\nregister-contrastive Moore-Lewis cross-entropy difference\n\n        s_r(d) = H_{not r}(d) - H_r(d)                                       (1)\n\ni.e. how much better register r explains d than everything else does.  Technical\nrecall is sharpened by additive bonuses for code/Q&A surface markers, and\nencyclopedic recall by a bonus for wiki-derived markers (see BONUS below).\n\nA document is ELIGIBLE if it passes fixed mechanical junk filters (length,\nEnglish-ness via stopword rate, non-ASCII rate, mean word length, terminal-\npunctuation rate, duplicate-line rate, caps/digit rate, boilerplate density,\nadult/spam terms).  The digit/table/boilerplate rules are relaxed for the\nencyclopedic register (dates and infobox rows are signal there, not noise) and the\nprose-shape rules are relaxed for documents that carry >= 3 code markers.\n\nSURFACE FORM: the encyclopedic target is detokenized WikiText (94.5% of its\npunctuation marks are space-separated, 2.8% of its tokens are \" @-@ \" artifacts) - a\nstyle the content score cannot express because it is orthogonal to word identity.\nSURF_TOKENS of the encyclopedic quota are therefore reserved for the pool documents\nwith the highest space-before-punctuation rate (>= SURF_MIN), highest first.\n\nSELECTION = fill a per-register TOKEN QUOTA equal to that register's weight in the\nevaluation, taking documents in descending s_r(d) and skipping near-duplicates\n(MinHash LSH over 8-token shingles).  The quota vector MIX is the only tuned knob;\nit is near-uniform because the metric averages loss uniformly over the registers.\nDocuments are emitted round-robin across registers so that ANY prefix of the list\n(the trainer consumes the list in order until the budget is full) is register-\nbalanced, followed by a tail buffer of next-best ids that guards the 12M floor.\n================================================================================\n\nUsage:  python3 curate_final.py [--out selection.json] [--mix w,x,y,z]\nStages are cached under /tmp/curate_cache so re-runs are cheap.\n\"\"\"\nimport argparse, html, json, os, re, sys, zlib\nimport multiprocessing as mp\nimport numpy as np\n\nPOOL = \"/workspace/data/pool.jsonl\"\nDEV = \"/workspace/data/multi_dev.npy\"\nCACHE = \"/tmp/curate_cache\"\nBUDGET = 12_000_000\nN_REG = 4\nREG_NAMES = [\"wiki\", \"webprose\", \"news\", \"techqa\"]\nos.makedirs(CACHE, exist_ok=True)\n\nWORD_RE = re.compile(r\"[a-z]+|[0-9]+|[^\\sa-z0-9]\")\nV_UNI = 1 << 19            # hashed unigram table\nV_BI = 1 << 21             # hashed bigram table\nMAXW = 6000                # words scored per document\nALPHA = 6.0                # Dirichlet backoff strength (bigram -> unigram)\n\n# ---- tuned selection knobs (chosen on the dev target; see claim.md) -----------\nMIX = (0.225, 0.25, 0.25, 0.275)   # token quota per register\nCODE_BOOST = 1.2                   # additive bonus, techqa score, per code marker (capped)\nQA_BOOST = 0.5                     # additive bonus, techqa score, per Q&A marker (capped)\nWIKI_BOOST = 0.7                   # additive bonus, wiki score, per wiki marker (capped)\nSURF_TOKENS = 900_000              # tokens of the wiki quota reserved for surface-form matches\nSURF_MIN = 0.12                    # min space-before-punctuation rate to count as a match\n\n\n# --------------------------------------------------------------------- hashing\n_HMEMO = {}\n", "numLines": 75, "startLine": 1, "totalLines": 450}}
#78
reasoning (redacted)

encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed

toolEdit
args
{
  "replace_all": false,
  "file_path": "/workspace/submission/curate.py",
  "old_string": "Usage:  python3 curate_final.py [--out selection.json] [--mix w,x,y,z]\nStages are cached under /tmp/curate_cache so re-runs are cheap.",
  "new_string": "Usage:  python3 curate.py [--out selection.json] [--mix w,x,y,z]\n                          [--surf TOKENS] [--surf_min RATE]\nDeterministic (crc32 word hashing, seeded MinHash permutations, no PYTHONHASHSEED\ndependence): a cold run reproduces the shipped selection.json byte for byte.\nStages are cached under /tmp/curate_cache so re-runs are cheap; the token cache is\nchecked for coverage, not just presence, so a stale cache cannot shrink the pool."
}
Edit result
The file /workspace/submission/curate.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)

[metadata] {"filePath": "/workspace/submission/curate.py", "oldString": "Usage:  python3 curate_final.py [--out selection.json] [--mix w,x,y,z]\nStages are cached under /tmp/curate_cache so re-runs are cheap.", "newString": "Usage:  python3 curate.py [--out selection.json] [--mix w,x,y,z]\n                          [--surf TOKENS] [--surf_min RATE]\nDeterministic (crc32 word hashing, seeded MinHash permutations, no PYTHONHASHSEED\ndependence): a cold run reproduces the shipped selection.json byte for byte.\nStages are cached under /tmp/curate_cache so re-runs are cheap; the token cache is\nchecked for coverage, not just presence, so a stale cache cannot shrink the pool.", "originalFile": null, "structuredPatch": [{"oldStart": 40, "oldLines": 8, "newStart": 40, "newLines": 12, "lines": [" balanced, followed by a tail buffer of next-best ids that guards the 12M floor.", " ================================================================================", " ", "-Usage:  python3 curate_final.py [--out selection.json] [--mix w,x,y,z]", "-Stages are cached under /tmp/curate_cache so re-runs are cheap.", "+Usage:  python3 curate.py [--out selection.json] [--mix w,x,y,z]", "+                          [--surf TOKENS] [--surf_min RATE]", "+Deterministic (crc32 word hashing, seeded MinHash permutations, no PYTHONHASHSEED", "+dependence): a cold run reproduces the shipped selection.json byte for byte.", "+Stages are cached under /tmp/curate_cache so re-runs are cheap; the token cache is", "+checked for coverage, not just presence, so a stale cache cannot shrink the pool.", " \"\"\"", " import argparse, html, json, os, re, sys, zlib", " import multiprocessing as mp"]}], "userModified": false, "replaceAll": false}
#79
reasoning (redacted)

encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed

toolBashVerify cold-cache reproducibility
args
{
  "command": "cd /workspace; while [ ! -f /tmp/cold.done ]; do sleep 10; done; grep -v \"Token indices\" /tmp/cold.log | tail -6\npython3 -c \"\nimport json\na=json.load(open('/workspace/submission/selection.json')); b=json.load(open('/tmp/sel_cold.json'))\nprint('cold run identical to shipped selection:', a==b, len(a), len(b))\"\ncat /workspace/.timer/remaining_secs",
  "description": "Verify cold-cache reproducibility",
  "timeout": 500000
}
Bash result
wiki       2150 docs  2.70M tok (quota 2.70M)
      webprose   3259 docs  3.00M tok (quota 3.00M)
      news       3998 docs  3.00M tok (quota 3.00M)
      techqa     2056 docs  3.30M tok (quota 3.30M)
      near-duplicates skipped: 282; surface-form tokens: 0.77M
wrote 17463 ids, 18.78M tokens available for a 12M budget -> /tmp/sel_cold.json
cold run identical to shipped selection: True 17463 17463
1195

[stdout]
      wiki       2150 docs  2.70M tok (quota 2.70M)
      webprose   3259 docs  3.00M tok (quota 3.00M)
      news       3998 docs  3.00M tok (quota 3.00M)
      techqa     2056 docs  3.30M tok (quota 3.30M)
      near-duplicates skipped: 282; surface-form tokens: 0.77M
wrote 17463 ids, 18.78M tokens available for a 12M budget -> /tmp/sel_cold.json
cold run identical to shipped selection: True 17463 17463
1195
[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}
#80
narration

Cold run from an empty cache reproduces the shipped selection exactly. Final validity sweep:

toolBashFinal validity checks on deliverables
args
{
  "command": "cd /workspace; python3 - <<'EOF'\nimport json, numpy as np\nsel=json.load(open('/workspace/submission/selection.json'))\nn=sum(1 for _ in open('/workspace/data/pool.jsonl'))\nprint(f\"ids                : {len(sel)}\")\nprint(f\"unique             : {len(sel)==len(set(sel))}\")\nprint(f\"in range [0,{n-1}]  : {min(sel)>=0 and max(sel)<n}  (min {min(sel)}, max {max(sel)})\")\nprint(f\"ints only          : {all(isinstance(i,int) for i in sel)}\")\na=np.load('/tmp/off3.npy')\nprint(f\"official pack      : {len(a)} tokens, dtype {a.dtype}, max id {a.max()}\")\nEOF\nls -l submission/ ; ls -l --time-style=+%m-%d_%H:%M train_nano.py model.py data/pool.jsonl",
  "description": "Final validity checks on deliverables",
  "timeout": 120000
}
Bash result
ids                : 17463
unique             : True
in range [0,182015]  : True  (min 6, max 181894)
ints only          : True
official pack      : 12000000 tokens, dtype uint16, max id 50256
total 140
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root    140 Aug  3 23:43 __pycache__
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  20289 Aug  3 23:51 curate.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 122733 Aug  3 23:48 selection.json
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 809679384 08-03_22:35 data/pool.jsonl
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root      5706 08-03_22:34 model.py
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root      2962 08-03_22:34 train_nano.py

[stdout]
ids                : 17463
unique             : True
in range [0,182015]  : True  (min 6, max 181894)
ints only          : True
official pack      : 12000000 tokens, dtype uint16, max id 50256
total 140
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root    140 Aug  3 23:43 __pycache__
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  20289 Aug  3 23:51 curate.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 122733 Aug  3 23:48 selection.json
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 809679384 08-03_22:35 data/pool.jsonl
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root      5706 08-03_22:34 model.py
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root root      2962 08-03_22:34 train_nano.py
[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}
final summary

Done. Final state of the three deliverables:

`/workspace/submission/selection.json` — 17,463 unique in-range ids in priority order; the official pack_selection.py fills exactly 12,000,000 tokens from it.

Verified on the frozen path (pack_selection.py → unmodified train_nano.py, seed 1337):

selectionoverall PPLwikiwebprosenewstechqa
random 12M (baseline)485.51021.7335.0446.7363.7
register-blind quality top-K577.31094.1284.9428.0830.1
register-balanced, content only359.5870.8282.2351.0193.3
submitted338.9709.0286.5345.4187.7

−30.2% vs. the random baseline. Two effects, each visible in a different block: register-matched token quotas move techqa (364 → 188) and news; the surface-form reservation moves wiki alone (871 → 709), leaving the other three blocks inside the ±4 PPL noise band.

`/workspace/submission/curate.py` — stated criterion is register-contrastive Moore–Lewis s_r(d) = H_¬r(d) − H_r(d) over Dirichlet-smoothed hashed bigram models, mechanical junk gates, MinHash near-dup removal, per-register token quotas interleaved round-robin (so every prefix is balanced), plus 0.9M wiki-quota tokens reserved for the highest space-before-punctuation documents. A cold run from an empty cache reproduces the shipped `selection.json` exactly (identical: True) — no hand-picked ids anywhere.

Two fixes went in on this pass, both real defects rather than tuning: main() had a global-after-use SyntaxError, and tokenize_subset trusted its cache by tag without checking coverage — a stale tok_final.npz from the pre-surface-form run silently withheld 528 of the 777 surface documents, costing 8.6 PPL (347.5 → 338.9). The cache now merges missing ids instead.

`/workspace/claim.md` — updated to the verified numbers. It also records that my prediction 3 ("the encyclopedic surface mismatch is irreducible by curation") was falsified in its strong form, and that repairing it was the largest single win; the dose sweep (0.45M–2.7M tokens at thresholds 0.20 → 0.05) shows the response is single-peaked in purity, so the effect is a dose rather than "more style-matched text is always better."

One residual risk worth naming: the surface-form reservation is 6.4% of the budget bet on the hidden target sharing multi_dev's detokenized WikiText style. If the hidden encyclopedic block is ordinary Wikipedia prose instead, that slice reverts to roughly neutral content value rather than backfiring — the quota structure carries the rest.