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nano-gpt-data-curation

claude-opus-5

nano-gpt-data-curation — graded by the task's verifier against a measured baseline.

backend
modal
variant
claude claude-opus-5
metric
held-out multi-domain perplexity
actions
90
duration
1h 18m
recorded
2026-08-03

run iddclm-nano-curation__H6LNrrM

Score

reward
341.270
compare against every run on this task →

Summary

All three deliverables are complete and verified.

Result

Dev perplexity 346.5 vs 470.1 random baseline (−26%), measured with the frozen trainer on the exact submitted selection.json.

Method

The dev target (multi_dev.npy) is a disclosed sample of the scoring distribution, so I decoded it back to text and used it as the positive class. It splits into three observable registers — wikitext-style encyclopedic (27.2% of tokens), news + general web prose (48.1%), StackExchange-style technical Q&A (24.7%).

  1. Affinity signal — hashed uni/bigram multinomial logistic regression (GPU, ~1M features) separating each register from random pool documents; every pool doc scored by P(register) averaged over three 1200-char windows. Wikitext detokenisation markers and HTML are normalised away on both sides so the classifier keys on content, not on formatting the pool never contains. (sklearn wasn't installed and there's no internet, so the classifier is plain torch.)
  2. Mixture-matched round-robin fill — each doc competes only inside its own register; the budget fills in the target's token proportions, so any prefix is balanced.
  3. Banded min-hash dedup over 5-word shingles.

What the experiments showed

variantdev PPL
random baseline470.1
shipped346.5
+ hand-written quality gates355.3
mixture tilts (40/40/20, 20/55/25)357.3, 367.2
importance resampling instead of top-k363.6
bagged / ridged classifier fits368.4, 372.1
pseudo-labelled classifier381.6
no register balancing383.1

The most interesting finding, now the headline mechanism in claim.md: a conventional structural quality-filter stack made things worse (355.3 → 339.0 on a matched pair). It rejects 39% of the pool including short, list-heavy and code-adjacent text the target itself contains — the classifier already handles junk.

Two things worth flagging

  • Fit noise. The under-regularised classifier fit is nondeterministic on GPU (sparse-matmul reduction order); refits move ~10% of docs between register buckets, worth ~5–8 PPL. Smoothing it away costs more than the noise. So curate.py caches its fitted score matrix and reuses it — I verified python3 curate.py regenerates the shipped list bit-for-bit.
  • One un-shipped draw of the same criterion measured 339.0, but the score matrix behind it was overwritten before I could pin it, and picking the best of several noisy draws on the dev set would be dev-set overfitting. I shipped the exactly-reproducible 346.5 instead.

The pool contains zero documents in the target's surface format (0/182,016 with wikitext markers, 7 with <p>+<code>), which puts a floor on achievable perplexity that no selection can cross — noted in the claim's transfer section.

Transcript