claude-opus-4-8
nano-gpt-data-curation — graded by the task's verifier against a measured baseline.
- backend
- modal
- variant
- claude claude-opus-4-8
- metric
- held-out multi-domain perplexity
- actions
- 50
- duration
- 45m
- recorded
- 2026-08-04
run iddclm-nano-curation__aQTkr5P
Everything claude-opus-4-8 did on this task, in order.
download JSON ↗encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed
args
{
"command": "sleep 30; cat /tmp/curate_final.out; echo \"---\"; ls -la /workspace/submission/",
"description": "Check output and file"
}Bash result
pool: 182016 docs
positives: 2557 target docs
final train loss 0.5838
well-formed: 100720 / 182016
wrote 100720 ids -> /workspace/submission/selection.json top scores [2.310698 2.1823118 2.0063848]
---
total 701
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 180 Aug 4 03:38 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 180 Aug 4 03:32 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5709 Aug 4 03:38 curate.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 711057 Aug 4 03:41 selection.json
[stdout]
pool: 182016 docs
positives: 2557 target docs
final train loss 0.5838
well-formed: 100720 / 182016
wrote 100720 ids -> /workspace/submission/selection.json top scores [2.310698 2.1823118 2.0063848]
---
total 701
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 180 Aug 4 03:38 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 180 Aug 4 03:32 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5709 Aug 4 03:38 curate.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 711057 Aug 4 03:41 selection.json
[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}Deterministic regeneration matches v1 (train loss 0.584, same score profile). Let me confirm the final eval holds.
args
{
"command": "cd /workspace; bash dev_eval.sh /workspace/submission/selection.json 2>&1 | grep -E \"HELDOUT|packed\"; echo \"timer:\"; cat /workspace/.timer/remaining_secs",
"description": "Final eval of deterministic selection",
"timeout": 300000
}Bash result
packed 12000000 tokens from 100720 ids -> /tmp/dev_train.npy
HELDOUT_PPL 492.987 loss 6.2005 train_s 51 /tmp/dev_train.npy
timer:
4188
[stdout]
packed 12000000 tokens from 100720 ids -> /tmp/dev_train.npy
HELDOUT_PPL 492.987 loss 6.2005 train_s 51 /tmp/dev_train.npy
timer:
4188
[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}Concerning: the deterministic version scored 493 — worse than random (485). The hashed-LR signal is within noise. I'll switch to a cleaner, collision-free DSIR-style n-gram importance scorer, which should give a more robust signal.
args
{
"file_path": "/workspace/submission/curate.py",
"content": "\"\"\"Curate a pretraining subset from a raw web pool by importance-ranking documents\ntoward the disclosed high-quality target domain (DSIR-style n-gram scoring).\n\nCriterion (stated, reproducible, deterministic):\n A document is worth training on to the extent that its vocabulary distribution\n looks like the disclosed broad high-quality English target (encyclopedic + HQ web\n prose + news + technical Q&A) rather than the raw pool background. We estimate a\n smoothed unigram+bigram log-probability model from:\n target = text decoded from the dev target sample (data/multi_dev.npy)\n pool = the raw web pool (background)\n and score each document by its mean per-token log-likelihood ratio\n score(d) = mean_w [ log P_target(w) - log P_pool(w) ]\n Documents whose word usage is characteristic of the target (high ratio) rank\n first. We additionally drop documents that fail minimal well-formedness\n heuristics so the budget is not wasted on boilerplate/markup.\n Output = pool ids in descending score (best first).\n\nThis is the classic importance-resampling / DSIR quality-filter recipe: contrast a\nsmall clean target against the background crawl with n-gram statistics.\n\"\"\"\nimport json, re, math, numpy as np\nfrom collections import Counter\nfrom transformers import AutoTokenizer\n\nPOOL = \"/workspace/data/pool.jsonl\"\nDEV = \"/workspace/data/multi_dev.npy\"\nOUT = \"/workspace/submission/selection.json\"\nSEED = 1337\nrng = np.random.default_rng(SEED)\n_word = re.compile(r\"[a-z0-9']+\")\n\ndef words(t):\n return _word.findall(t.lower())\n\ndef bigrams(ws):\n return [ws[i] + \" \" + ws[i + 1] for i in range(len(ws) - 1)]\n\n# ---- well-formedness heuristics ---------------------------------------------\ndef ill_formed(t):\n n = len(t)\n if n < 400:\n return True\n letters = sum(c.isalpha() for c in t)\n if letters / n < 0.55:\n return True\n lines = t.split(\"\\n\")\n if len(lines) > 3 and sum(len(l) < 40 for l in lines) / len(lines) > 0.5:\n return True\n ws = words(t)\n if len(ws) < 60 or len(set(ws)) / len(ws) < 0.35:\n return True\n return False\n\n# ---- load pool ---------------------------------------------------------------\nids, texts = [], []\nfor line in open(POOL):\n r = json.loads(line); ids.append(r[\"id\"]); texts.append(r[\"text\"])\nids = np.array(ids); N = len(ids)\nprint(f\"pool: {N} docs\")\n\n# ---- decode positives from the target stream --------------------------------\ntok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(\"gpt2\")\ndv = np.load(DEV).astype(np.int64); EOS = tok.eos_token_id\npos_texts, cur = [], []\nfor t in dv.tolist():\n if t == EOS:\n if cur: pos_texts.append(tok.decode(cur)); cur = []\n else:\n cur.append(t)\nif cur: pos_texts.append(tok.decode(cur))\npos_texts = [p for p in pos_texts if len(p) > 200]\nprint(f\"positives: {len(pos_texts)} target docs\")\n\n# ---- estimate unigram+bigram distributions ----------------------------------\ntgt_u, tgt_b = Counter(), Counter()\nfor p in pos_texts:\n ws = words(p); tgt_u.update(ws); tgt_b.update(bigrams(ws))\n\n# background from a random pool sample (unlabeled; approximates the crawl prior)\nbg_u, bg_b = Counter(), Counter()\nbg_idx = rng.choice(N, size=min(40000, N), replace=False)\nfor i in bg_idx:\n ws = words(texts[i]); bg_u.update(ws); bg_b.update(bigrams(ws))\n\nVu = len(set(tgt_u) | set(bg_u))\nVb = len(set(tgt_b) | set(bg_b))\nTu, Bu = sum(tgt_u.values()), sum(bg_u.values())\nTb, Bb = sum(tgt_b.values()), sum(bg_b.values())\n\ndef lr_uni(w): # smoothed log likelihood ratio for a unigram\n return math.log((tgt_u[w] + 1.0) / (Tu + Vu)) - math.log((bg_u[w] + 1.0) / (Bu + Vu))\ndef lr_bi(b):\n return math.log((tgt_b[b] + 1.0) / (Tb + Vb)) - math.log((bg_b[b] + 1.0) / (Bb + Vb))\n\n# precompute unigram ratios for the shared vocabulary (fast lookup)\nuni_lr = {w: lr_uni(w) for w in (set(tgt_u) | set(bg_u))}\n\n# ---- score every document ----------------------------------------------------\nscores = np.full(N, -1e9, dtype=np.float32)\nfor i in range(N):\n ws = words(texts[i])\n if not ws:\n continue\n su = sum(uni_lr.get(w, 0.0) for w in ws) / len(ws)\n bg = bigrams(ws)\n sb = (sum(lr_bi(b) for b in bg) / len(bg)) if bg else 0.0\n scores[i] = su + 0.5 * sb\n if i % 40000 == 0:\n print(f\"scored {i}/{N}\")\n\n# ---- filter + rank -----------------------------------------------------------\nkeep = np.array([not ill_formed(t) for t in texts])\nprint(f\"well-formed: {keep.sum()} / {N}\")\norder = np.argsort(-scores)\norder = order[keep[order]]\nselection = ids[order].tolist()\njson.dump(selection, open(OUT, \"w\"))\nprint(f\"wrote {len(selection)} ids -> {OUT} top scores {scores[order[:3]]}\")\n"
}Write result
The file /workspace/submission/curate.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
[metadata] {"type": "update", "filePath": "/workspace/submission/curate.py", "content": "\"\"\"Curate a pretraining subset from a raw web pool by importance-ranking documents\ntoward the disclosed high-quality target domain (DSIR-style n-gram scoring).\n\nCriterion (stated, reproducible, deterministic):\n A document is worth training on to the extent that its vocabulary distribution\n looks like the disclosed broad high-quality English target (encyclopedic + HQ web\n prose + news + technical Q&A) rather than the raw pool background. We estimate a\n smoothed unigram+bigram log-probability model from:\n target = text decoded from the dev target sample (data/multi_dev.npy)\n pool = the raw web pool (background)\n and score each document by its mean per-token log-likelihood ratio\n score(d) = mean_w [ log P_target(w) - log P_pool(w) ]\n Documents whose word usage is characteristic of the target (high ratio) rank\n first. We additionally drop documents that fail minimal well-formedness\n heuristics so the budget is not wasted on boilerplate/markup.\n Output = pool ids in descending score (best first).\n\nThis is the classic importance-resampling / DSIR quality-filter recipe: contrast a\nsmall clean target against the background crawl with n-gram statistics.\n\"\"\"\nimport json, re, math, numpy as np\nfrom collections import Counter\nfrom transformers import AutoTokenizer\n\nPOOL = \"/workspace/data/pool.jsonl\"\nDEV = \"/workspace/data/multi_dev.npy\"\nOUT = \"/workspace/submission/selection.json\"\nSEED = 1337\nrng = np.random.default_rng(SEED)\n_word = re.compile(r\"[a-z0-9']+\")\n\ndef words(t):\n return _word.findall(t.lower())\n\ndef bigrams(ws):\n return [ws[i] + \" \" + ws[i + 1] for i in range(len(ws) - 1)]\n\n# ---- well-formedness heuristics ---------------------------------------------\ndef ill_formed(t):\n n = len(t)\n if n < 400:\n return True\n letters = sum(c.isalpha() for c in t)\n if letters / n < 0.55:\n return True\n lines = t.split(\"\\n\")\n if len(lines) > 3 and sum(len(l) < 40 for l in lines) / len(lines) > 0.5:\n return True\n ws = words(t)\n if len(ws) < 60 or len(set(ws)) / len(ws) < 0.35:\n return True\n return False\n\n# ---- load pool ---------------------------------------------------------------\nids, texts = [], []\nfor line in open(POOL):\n r = json.loads(line); ids.append(r[\"id\"]); texts.append(r[\"text\"])\nids = np.array(ids); N = len(ids)\nprint(f\"pool: {N} docs\")\n\n# ---- decode positives from the target stream --------------------------------\ntok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(\"gpt2\")\ndv = np.load(DEV).astype(np.int64); EOS = tok.eos_token_id\npos_texts, cur = [], []\nfor t in dv.tolist():\n if t == EOS:\n if cur: pos_texts.append(tok.decode(cur)); cur = []\n else:\n cur.append(t)\nif cur: pos_texts.append(tok.decode(cur))\npos_texts = [p for p in pos_texts if len(p) > 200]\nprint(f\"positives: {len(pos_texts)} target docs\")\n\n# ---- estimate unigram+bigram distributions ----------------------------------\ntgt_u, tgt_b = Counter(), Counter()\nfor p in pos_texts:\n ws = words(p); tgt_u.update(ws); tgt_b.update(bigrams(ws))\n\n# background from a random pool sample (unlabeled; approximates the crawl prior)\nbg_u, bg_b = Counter(), Counter()\nbg_idx = rng.choice(N, size=min(40000, N), replace=False)\nfor i in bg_idx:\n ws = words(texts[i]); bg_u.update(ws); bg_b.update(bigrams(ws))\n\nVu = len(set(tgt_u) | set(bg_u))\nVb = len(set(tgt_b) | set(bg_b))\nTu, Bu = sum(tgt_u.values()), sum(bg_u.values())\nTb, Bb = sum(tgt_b.values()), sum(bg_b.values())\n\ndef lr_uni(w): # smoothed log likelihood ratio for a unigram\n return math.log((tgt_u[w] + 1.0) / (Tu + Vu)) - math.log((bg_u[w] + 1.0) / (Bu + Vu))\ndef lr_bi(b):\n return math.log((tgt_b[b] + 1.0) / (Tb + Vb)) - math.log((bg_b[b] + 1.0) / (Bb + Vb))\n\n# precompute unigram ratios for the shared vocabulary (fast lookup)\nuni_lr = {w: lr_uni(w) for w in (set(tgt_u) | set(bg_u))}\n\n# ---- score every document ----------------------------------------------------\nscores = np.full(N, -1e9, dtype=np.float32)\nfor i in range(N):\n ws = words(texts[i])\n if not ws:\n continue\n su = sum(uni_lr.get(w, 0.0) for w in ws) / len(ws)\n bg = bigrams(ws)\n sb = (sum(lr_bi(b) for b in bg) / len(bg)) if bg else 0.0\n scores[i] = su + 0.5 * sb\n if i % 40000 == 0:\n print(f\"scored {i}/{N}\")\n\n# ---- filter + rank -----------------------------------------------------------\nkeep = np.array([not ill_formed(t) for t in texts])\nprint(f\"well-formed: {keep.sum()} / {N}\")\norder = np.argsort(-scores)\norder = order[keep[order]]\nselection = ids[order].tolist()\njson.dump(selection, open(OUT, \"w\"))\nprint(f\"wrote {len(selection)} ids -> {OUT} top scores {scores[order[:3]]}\")\n", "structuredPatch": [{"oldStart": 1, "oldLines": 66, "newStart": 1, "newLines": 53, "lines": ["-\"\"\"Curate a pretraining subset from a raw web pool by ranking documents with a", "-target-domain quality classifier.", "+\"\"\"Curate a pretraining subset from a raw web pool by importance-ranking documents", "+toward the disclosed high-quality target domain (DSIR-style n-gram scoring).", " ", "-Criterion (stated, reproducible):", "- A document is worth training on to the extent that it *looks like* the disclosed", "- broad high-quality English target (encyclopedic + HQ web prose + news + technical", "- Q&A). We estimate this with a logistic-regression classifier over hashed word", "- n-gram features:", "- positives = text decoded from the dev target sample (data/multi_dev.npy)", "- negatives = a random sample of the raw pool (mostly low-quality web junk)", "- The classifier's P(target-like) score ranks the pool. We additionally drop", "- documents that fail minimal well-formedness heuristics (too short, too few", "- alphabetic characters, pathological symbol/line ratios) so the budget is not", "- wasted on boilerplate/markup. Output = pool ids in descending score (best first).", "+Criterion (stated, reproducible, deterministic):", "+ A document is worth training on to the extent that its vocabulary distribution", "+ looks like the disclosed broad high-quality English target (encyclopedic + HQ web", "+ prose + news + technical Q&A) rather than the raw pool background. We estimate a", "+ smoothed unigram+bigram log-probability model from:", "+ target = text decoded from the dev target sample (data/multi_dev.npy)", "+ pool = the raw web pool (background)", "+ and score each document by its mean per-token log-likelihood ratio", "+ score(d) = mean_w [ log P_target(w) - log P_pool(w) ]", "+ Documents whose word usage is characteristic of the target (high ratio) rank", "+ first. We additionally drop documents that fail minimal well-formedness", "+ heuristics so the budget is not wasted on boilerplate/markup.", "+ Output = pool ids in descending score (best first).", " ", "-This is the classic \"GPT-3 / DSIR\" quality-filter recipe: contrast a small clean", "-target set against random web crawl and keep what the classifier prefers.", "+This is the classic importance-resampling / DSIR quality-filter recipe: contrast a", "+small clean target against the background crawl with n-gram statistics.", " \"\"\"", "-import json, re, math, zlib, numpy as np, torch", "-", "-def h(s): # deterministic string hash (process-independent, reproducible)", "- return zlib.crc32(s.encode(\"utf-8\"))", "+import json, re, math, numpy as np", "+from collections import Counter", " from transformers import AutoTokenizer", " ", " POOL = \"/workspace/data/pool.jsonl\"", " DEV = \"/workspace/data/multi_dev.npy\"", " OUT = \"/workspace/submission/selection.json\"", "-D = 1 << 20 # hashed feature dimension", "-NEG = 60000 # random pool docs used as classifier negatives", " SEED = 1337", "-dev = \"cuda\" if torch.cuda.is_available() else \"cpu\"", " rng = np.random.default_rng(SEED)", "-torch.manual_seed(SEED)", "-", " _word = re.compile(r\"[a-z0-9']+\")", " ", "-def feats(text):", "- \"\"\"Hashed unigram+bigram feature ids for a document (lowercased words).\"\"\"", "- w = _word.findall(text.lower())[:3000]", "- ids = [(h(t) & (D - 1)) for t in w]", "- for i in range(len(w) - 1):", "- ids.append(h(w[i] + \" \" + w[i + 1]) & (D - 1))", "- if not ids:", "- ids = [0]", "- return ids", "+def words(t):", "+ return _word.findall(t.lower())", " ", "-# ---- well-formedness heuristics (cheap, register-agnostic) -------------------", "+def bigrams(ws):", "+ return [ws[i] + \" \" + ws[i + 1] for i in range(len(ws) - 1)]", "+", "+# ---- well-formedness heuristics ---------------------------------------------", " def ill_formed(t):", " n = len(t)", "- if n < 400: # too short to be useful prose", "+ if n < 400:", " return True", " letters = sum(c.isalpha() for c in t)", "- if letters / n < 0.55: # markup / tables / symbol soup", "+ if letters / n < 0.55:", " return True", " lines = t.split(\"\\n\")", "- if len(lines) > 3:", "- short = sum(len(l) < 40 for l in lines) / len(lines)", "- if short > 0.5: # menu/list boilerplate", "- return True", "- words = _word.findall(t.lower())", "- if len(words) < 60:", "+ if len(lines) > 3 and sum(len(l) < 40 for l in lines) / len(lines) > 0.5:", " return True", "- if len(set(words)) / len(words) < 0.35: # very repetitive", "+ ws = words(t)", "+ if len(ws) < 60 or len(set(ws)) / len(ws) < 0.35:", " return True", " return False", " "]}, {"oldStart": 68, "oldLines": 74, "newStart": 55, "newLines": 64, "lines": [" ids, texts = [], []", " for line in open(POOL):", " r = json.loads(line); ids.append(r[\"id\"]); texts.append(r[\"text\"])", "-ids = np.array(ids)", "-N = len(ids)", "+ids = np.array(ids); N = len(ids)", " print(f\"pool: {N} docs\")", " ", "-# ---- positives from decoded dev target --------------------------------------", "+# ---- decode positives from the target stream --------------------------------", " tok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(\"gpt2\")", "-dv = np.load(DEV).astype(np.int64)", "-EOS = tok.eos_token_id", "-# split target token stream into documents on EOS, decode each to text", "+dv = np.load(DEV).astype(np.int64); EOS = tok.eos_token_id", " pos_texts, cur = [], []", " for t in dv.tolist():", " if t == EOS:", "- if cur:", "- pos_texts.append(tok.decode(cur)); cur = []", "+ if cur: pos_texts.append(tok.decode(cur)); cur = []", " else:", " cur.append(t)", "-if cur:", "- pos_texts.append(tok.decode(cur))", "+if cur: pos_texts.append(tok.decode(cur))", " pos_texts = [p for p in pos_texts if len(p) > 200]", " print(f\"positives: {len(pos_texts)} target docs\")", " ", "-# ---- build training set ------------------------------------------------------", "-neg_idx = rng.choice(N, size=min(NEG, N), replace=False)", "-train_texts = pos_texts + [texts[i] for i in neg_idx]", "-train_y = np.concatenate([np.ones(len(pos_texts)), np.zeros(len(neg_idx))])", "+# ---- estimate unigram+bigram distributions ----------------------------------", "+tgt_u, tgt_b = Counter(), Counter()", "+for p in pos_texts:", "+ ws = words(p); tgt_u.update(ws); tgt_b.update(bigrams(ws))", " ", "-def to_bag(text_list):", "- offs, flat = [0], []", "- for t in text_list:", "- f = feats(t); flat.extend(f); offs.append(len(flat))", "- return (torch.tensor(flat, dtype=torch.long, device=dev),", "- torch.tensor(offs[:-1], dtype=torch.long, device=dev))", "+# background from a random pool sample (unlabeled; approximates the crawl prior)", "+bg_u, bg_b = Counter(), Counter()", "+bg_idx = rng.choice(N, size=min(40000, N), replace=False)", "+for i in bg_idx:", "+ ws = words(texts[i]); bg_u.update(ws); bg_b.update(bigrams(ws))", " ", "-tr_flat, tr_off = to_bag(train_texts)", "-ty = torch.tensor(train_y, dtype=torch.float32, device=dev)", "+Vu = len(set(tgt_u) | set(bg_u))", "+Vb = len(set(tgt_b) | set(bg_b))", "+Tu, Bu = sum(tgt_u.values()), sum(bg_u.values())", "+Tb, Bb = sum(tgt_b.values()), sum(bg_b.values())", " ", "-# ---- logistic regression via EmbeddingBag (mean of hashed feature weights) ---", "-emb = torch.nn.EmbeddingBag(D, 1, mode=\"mean\").to(dev)", "-torch.nn.init.zeros_(emb.weight)", "-bias = torch.zeros(1, requires_grad=True, device=dev)", "-opt = torch.optim.Adam(list(emb.parameters()) + [bias], lr=0.05, weight_decay=1e-6)", "-lossf = torch.nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss()", "-# class-balance weight (positives are far fewer)", "-pw = (train_y == 0).sum() / max(1, (train_y == 1).sum())", "-for ep in range(300):", "- opt.zero_grad()", "- logit = emb(tr_flat, tr_off).squeeze(1) + bias", "- w = torch.where(ty > 0.5, torch.tensor(float(pw), device=dev), torch.tensor(1.0, device=dev))", "- loss = torch.nn.functional.binary_cross_entropy_with_logits(logit, ty, weight=w)", "- loss.backward(); opt.step()", "-print(f\"final train loss {loss.item():.4f}\")", "+def lr_uni(w): # smoothed log likelihood ratio for a unigram", "+ return math.log((tgt_u[w] + 1.0) / (Tu + Vu)) - math.log((bg_u[w] + 1.0) / (Bu + Vu))", "+def lr_bi(b):", "+ return math.log((tgt_b[b] + 1.0) / (Tb + Vb)) - math.log((bg_b[b] + 1.0) / (Bb + Vb))", " ", "-# ---- score whole pool in batches --------------------------------------------", "-emb.eval()", "-scores = np.empty(N, dtype=np.float32)", "-B = 4000", "-with torch.no_grad():", "- for s in range(0, N, B):", "- chunk = texts[s:s + B]", "- flat, off = to_bag(chunk)", "- scores[s:s + len(chunk)] = (emb(flat, off).squeeze(1) + bias).cpu().numpy()", "+# precompute unigram ratios for the shared vocabulary (fast lookup)", "+uni_lr = {w: lr_uni(w) for w in (set(tgt_u) | set(bg_u))}", " ", "-# ---- apply heuristic filter, then rank by score -----------------------------", "+# ---- score every document ----------------------------------------------------", "+scores = np.full(N, -1e9, dtype=np.float32)", "+for i in range(N):", "+ ws = words(texts[i])", "+ if not ws:", "+ continue", "+ su = sum(uni_lr.get(w, 0.0) for w in ws) / len(ws)", "+ bg = bigrams(ws)", "+ sb = (sum(lr_bi(b) for b in bg) / len(bg)) if bg else 0.0", "+ scores[i] = su + 0.5 * sb", "+ if i % 40000 == 0:", "+ print(f\"scored {i}/{N}\")", "+", "+# ---- filter + rank -----------------------------------------------------------", " keep = np.array([not ill_formed(t) for t in texts])", " print(f\"well-formed: {keep.sum()} / {N}\")", " order = np.argsort(-scores)", " order = order[keep[order]]", " selection = ids[order].tolist()", "-", " json.dump(selection, open(OUT, \"w\"))", " print(f\"wrote {len(selection)} ids -> {OUT} top scores {scores[order[:3]]}\")"]}], "originalFile": "\"\"\"Curate a pretraining subset from a raw web pool by ranking documents with a\ntarget-domain quality classifier.\n\nCriterion (stated, reproducible):\n A document is worth training on to the extent that it *looks like* the disclosed\n broad high-quality English target (encyclopedic + HQ web prose + news + technical\n Q&A). We estimate this with a logistic-regression classifier over hashed word\n n-gram features:\n positives = text decoded from the dev target sample (data/multi_dev.npy)\n negatives = a random sample of the raw pool (mostly low-quality web junk)\n The classifier's P(target-like) score ranks the pool. We additionally drop\n documents that fail minimal well-formedness heuristics (too short, too few\n alphabetic characters, pathological symbol/line ratios) so the budget is not\n wasted on boilerplate/markup. Output = pool ids in descending score (best first).\n\nThis is the classic \"GPT-3 / DSIR\" quality-filter recipe: contrast a small clean\ntarget set against random web crawl and keep what the classifier prefers.\n\"\"\"\nimport json, re, math, zlib, numpy as np, torch\n\ndef h(s): # deterministic string hash (process-independent, reproducible)\n return zlib.crc32(s.encode(\"utf-8\"))\nfrom transformers import AutoTokenizer\n\nPOOL = \"/workspace/data/pool.jsonl\"\nDEV = \"/workspace/data/multi_dev.npy\"\nOUT = \"/workspace/submission/selection.json\"\nD = 1 << 20 # hashed feature dimension\nNEG = 60000 # random pool docs used as classifier negatives\nSEED = 1337\ndev = \"cuda\" if torch.cuda.is_available() else \"cpu\"\nrng = np.random.default_rng(SEED)\ntorch.manual_seed(SEED)\n\n_word = re.compile(r\"[a-z0-9']+\")\n\ndef feats(text):\n \"\"\"Hashed unigram+bigram feature ids for a document (lowercased words).\"\"\"\n w = _word.findall(text.lower())[:3000]\n ids = [(h(t) & (D - 1)) for t in w]\n for i in range(len(w) - 1):\n ids.append(h(w[i] + \" \" + w[i + 1]) & (D - 1))\n if not ids:\n ids = [0]\n return ids\n\n# ---- well-formedness heuristics (cheap, register-agnostic) -------------------\ndef ill_formed(t):\n n = len(t)\n if n < 400: # too short to be useful prose\n return True\n letters = sum(c.isalpha() for c in t)\n if letters / n < 0.55: # markup / tables / symbol soup\n return True\n lines = t.split(\"\\n\")\n if len(lines) > 3:\n short = sum(len(l) < 40 for l in lines) / len(lines)\n if short > 0.5: # menu/list boilerplate\n return True\n words = _word.findall(t.lower())\n if len(words) < 60:\n return True\n if len(set(words)) / len(words) < 0.35: # very repetitive\n return True\n return False\n\n# ---- load pool ---------------------------------------------------------------\nids, texts = [], []\nfor line in open(POOL):\n r = json.loads(line); ids.append(r[\"id\"]); texts.append(r[\"text\"])\nids = np.array(ids)\nN = len(ids)\nprint(f\"pool: {N} docs\")\n\n# ---- positives from decoded dev target --------------------------------------\ntok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(\"gpt2\")\ndv = np.load(DEV).astype(np.int64)\nEOS = tok.eos_token_id\n# split target token stream into documents on EOS, decode each to text\npos_texts, cur = [], []\nfor t in dv.tolist():\n if t == EOS:\n if cur:\n pos_texts.append(tok.decode(cur)); cur = []\n else:\n cur.append(t)\nif cur:\n pos_texts.append(tok.decode(cur))\npos_texts = [p for p in pos_texts if len(p) > 200]\nprint(f\"positives: {len(pos_texts)} target docs\")\n\n# ---- build training set ------------------------------------------------------\nneg_idx = rng.choice(N, size=min(NEG, N), replace=False)\ntrain_texts = pos_texts + [texts[i] for i in neg_idx]\ntrain_y = np.concatenate([np.ones(len(pos_texts)), np.zeros(len(neg_idx))])\n\ndef to_bag(text_list):\n offs, flat = [0], []\n for t in text_list:\n f = feats(t); flat.extend(f); offs.append(len(flat))\n return (torch.tensor(flat, dtype=torch.long, device=dev),\n torch.tensor(offs[:-1], dtype=torch.long, device=dev))\n\ntr_flat, tr_off = to_bag(train_texts)\nty = torch.tensor(train_y, dtype=torch.float32, device=dev)\n\n# ---- logistic regression via EmbeddingBag (mean of hashed feature weights) ---\nemb = torch.nn.EmbeddingBag(D, 1, mode=\"mean\").to(dev)\ntorch.nn.init.zeros_(emb.weight)\nbias = torch.zeros(1, requires_grad=True, device=dev)\nopt = torch.optim.Adam(list(emb.parameters()) + [bias], lr=0.05, weight_decay=1e-6)\nlossf = torch.nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss()\n# class-balance weight (positives are far fewer)\npw = (train_y == 0).sum() / max(1, (train_y == 1).sum())\nfor ep in range(300):\n opt.zero_grad()\n logit = emb(tr_flat, tr_off).squeeze(1) + bias\n w = torch.where(ty > 0.5, torch.tensor(float(pw), device=dev), torch.tensor(1.0, device=dev))\n loss = torch.nn.functional.binary_cross_entropy_with_logits(logit, ty, weight=w)\n loss.backward(); opt.step()\nprint(f\"final train loss {loss.item():.4f}\")\n\n# ---- score whole pool in batches --------------------------------------------\nemb.eval()\nscores = np.empty(N, dtype=np.float32)\nB = 4000\nwith torch.no_grad():\n for s in range(0, N, B):\n chunk = texts[s:s + B]\n flat, off = to_bag(chunk)\n scores[s:s + len(chunk)] = (emb(flat, off).squeeze(1) + bias).cpu().numpy()\n\n# ---- apply heuristic filter, then rank by score -----------------------------\nkeep = np.array([not ill_formed(t) for t in texts])\nprint(f\"well-formed: {keep.sum()} / {N}\")\norder = np.argsort(-scores)\norder = order[keep[order]]\nselection = ids[order].tolist()\n\njson.dump(selection, open(OUT, \"w\"))\nprint(f\"wrote {len(selection)} ids -> {OUT} top scores {scores[order[:3]]}\")\n", "userModified": false}encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed
args
{
"command": "cd /workspace; nohup python3 submission/curate.py > /tmp/curate_dsir.out 2>&1 & echo \"pid $!\"",
"description": "Run DSIR curation"
}Bash result
pid 2097
[stdout]
pid 2097
[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed
args
{
"command": "sleep 90; cat /tmp/curate_dsir.out",
"description": "Check DSIR progress"
}Bash result
(Bash completed with no output)
[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed
args
{
"command": "sleep 60; cat /tmp/curate_dsir.out",
"description": "Check DSIR progress"
}Bash result
(Bash completed with no output)
[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed
args
{
"command": "ps aux | grep curate | grep -v grep | head; echo \"---\"; cat /tmp/curate_dsir.out",
"description": "Check process"
}Bash result
root 154 0.0 0.0 12432 4612 ? Ss 03:22 0:00 bash -c rm -f /tmp/ri-exec-faa66b3006a84b29be1897fc8666def7.pid setsid bash -c 'set -o pipefail; export PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH"; claude --verbose --output-format=stream-json --permission-mode=bypassPermissions --disallowedTools WebSearch WebFetch --print -- '"'"'# Task: Curate a raw web corpus to train the best small language model ## Context You are assembling the pretraining data for a small language model. You have a large pool of **raw web documents** at `/workspace/data/pool.jsonl` ??? one JSON object per line: `{"id": <int>, "text": "..."}`. The documents are unlabeled. The pool holds **182,016 documents (~200M GPT-2 tokens total)**. Compute is fixed: the model is trained on a **fixed budget of 12,000,000 tokens** ??? only ~6% of the pool, far smaller than the whole thing. So you cannot train on everything: you must decide *which* documents are worth training on. The training pipeline tokenizes your selection (GPT-2 BPE) in priority order and stops once it has accumulated 12M tokens. ## Goal Curate the pool: choose the documents that, trained on under the fixed budget, produce the **best language model**. Quality is measured by **held-out perplexity on a BROAD, multi-domain high-quality English target** ??? equal parts encyclopedic (Wikipedia), general high-quality web prose, news, and technical Q&A. This is your disclosed target: select data that makes the model good across *all* of these registers, not just one. Lower perplexity is better. ## Deliverables 1. `/workspace/submission/selection.json` ??? a JSON list of pool `id`s to train on, in **priority order** (best first). The training pipeline consumes your list in order until the **12M-token** budget is filled, then trains. Provide enough ids to cover at least 12M tokens (a few hundred MB of text is ample); ids beyond the budget are simply unused. 2. `/workspace/submission/curate.py` ??? the reproducible script that produced your selection from a stated criterion (not a hand-picked id list). 3. `/workspace/claim.md` ??? Hypothesis / Mechanism (predict an observable other than the final perplexity) / Falsification / Transfer. ## Resources - The **frozen training script** is provided (`/workspace/train_nano.py`, with `model.py`). It trains a ~30M-parameter GPT from scratch on a token budget with fixed hyperparameters. **You may run it to evaluate a candidate selection** against a dev target (`/workspace/data/multi_dev.npy`) ??? one run is ~60s on the GPU ??? but you **cannot change it**; the official run uses an identical frozen copy. The only thing you control is the data selection. - Standard GPU sandbox (Python, PyTorch, transformers). How you assess document quality is entirely up to you (filters, classifiers, heuristics, a model, etc.). - Your session ends when the wall-clock budget runs out ??? check `/workspace/.timer/remaining_secs` at any point for the authoritative time left (don'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'t assume a fixed number of hours). Every training run you do comes out of that budget. - No internet. The pool'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'s documents are freshly assembled; you cannot look up any quality labels ??? any quality signal must come from your own analysis. ## How you are scored Official: your selection fills the fixed token budget, the frozen script trains the 30M GPT from scratch, and the verifier measures the **absolute held-out perplexity on the hidden high-quality target** (a different sample from the disclosed domain than the dev set). That perplexity is your score. **Lower is better** ??? the goal is simply to push held-out perplexity as low as you can. The verifier reports the raw perplexity and does no normalization. For reference and for a separate downstream normalization step, the benchmark records two fixed anchors: a **baseline** of held-out perplexity from a random selection (the do-nothing reference), and a **theoretical best** of perplexity 1 (the perplexity floor, unreachable in practice). Aim to get your held-out perplexity well below the random baseline. ## Constraints - `selection.json` must be produced by `curate.py` from a stated criterion; an opaque hand-picked id list fails the publishability check even if it scores well. - A selection with duplicate or out-of-range ids, or too few tokens to fill the budget, is marked invalid (no score recorded) and excluded from ranking, so it can'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'t win and doesn'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'t distort averages. '"'"' 2>&1 </dev/null | tee /logs/agent/claude-code.txt' & child="$!" echo "$child" > /tmp/ri-exec-faa66b3006a84b29be1897fc8666def7.pid wait "$child" rc="$?" rm -f /tmp/ri-exec-faa66b3006a84b29be1897fc8666def7.pid exit "$rc"
root 156 0.0 0.0 12432 4392 ? Ss 03:22 0:00 bash -c set -o pipefail; export PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH"; claude --verbose --output-format=stream-json --permission-mode=bypassPermissions --disallowedTools WebSearch WebFetch --print -- '# Task: Curate a raw web corpus to train the best small language model ## Context You are assembling the pretraining data for a small language model. You have a large pool of **raw web documents** at `/workspace/data/pool.jsonl` ??? one JSON object per line: `{"id": <int>, "text": "..."}`. The documents are unlabeled. The pool holds **182,016 documents (~200M GPT-2 tokens total)**. Compute is fixed: the model is trained on a **fixed budget of 12,000,000 tokens** ??? only ~6% of the pool, far smaller than the whole thing. So you cannot train on everything: you must decide *which* documents are worth training on. The training pipeline tokenizes your selection (GPT-2 BPE) in priority order and stops once it has accumulated 12M tokens. ## Goal Curate the pool: choose the documents that, trained on under the fixed budget, produce the **best language model**. Quality is measured by **held-out perplexity on a BROAD, multi-domain high-quality English target** ??? equal parts encyclopedic (Wikipedia), general high-quality web prose, news, and technical Q&A. This is your disclosed target: select data that makes the model good across *all* of these registers, not just one. Lower perplexity is better. ## Deliverables 1. `/workspace/submission/selection.json` ??? a JSON list of pool `id`s to train on, in **priority order** (best first). The training pipeline consumes your list in order until the **12M-token** budget is filled, then trains. Provide enough ids to cover at least 12M tokens (a few hundred MB of text is ample); ids beyond the budget are simply unused. 2. `/workspace/submission/curate.py` ??? the reproducible script that produced your selection from a stated criterion (not a hand-picked id list). 3. `/workspace/claim.md` ??? Hypothesis / Mechanism (predict an observable other than the final perplexity) / Falsification / Transfer. ## Resources - The **frozen training script** is provided (`/workspace/train_nano.py`, with `model.py`). It trains a ~30M-parameter GPT from scratch on a token budget with fixed hyperparameters. **You may run it to evaluate a candidate selection** against a dev target (`/workspace/data/multi_dev.npy`) ??? one run is ~60s on the GPU ??? but you **cannot change it**; the official run uses an identical frozen copy. The only thing you control is the data selection. - Standard GPU sandbox (Python, PyTorch, transformers). How you assess document quality is entirely up to you (filters, classifiers, heuristics, a model, etc.). - Your session ends when the wall-clock budget runs out ??? check `/workspace/.timer/remaining_secs` at any point for the authoritative time left (don'"'"'t assume a fixed number of hours). Every training run you do comes out of that budget. - No internet. The pool'"'"'s documents are freshly assembled; you cannot look up any quality labels ??? any quality signal must come from your own analysis. ## How you are scored Official: your selection fills the fixed token budget, the frozen script trains the 30M GPT from scratch, and the verifier measures the **absolute held-out perplexity on the hidden high-quality target** (a different sample from the disclosed domain than the dev set). That perplexity is your score. **Lower is better** ??? the goal is simply to push held-out perplexity as low as you can. The verifier reports the raw perplexity and does no normalization. For reference and for a separate downstream normalization step, the benchmark records two fixed anchors: a **baseline** of held-out perplexity from a random selection (the do-nothing reference), and a **theoretical best** of perplexity 1 (the perplexity floor, unreachable in practice). Aim to get your held-out perplexity well below the random baseline. ## Constraints - `selection.json` must be produced by `curate.py` from a stated criterion; an opaque hand-picked id list fails the publishability check even if it scores well. - A selection with duplicate or out-of-range ids, or too few tokens to fill the budget, is marked invalid (no score recorded) and excluded from ranking, so it can'"'"'t win and doesn'"'"'t distort averages. ' 2>&1 </dev/null | tee /logs/agent/claude-code.txt
root 157 5.3 0.0 6296388 541056 ? Sl 03:22 1:17 claude --verbose --output-format=stream-json --permission-mode=bypassPermissions --disallowedTools WebSearch WebFetch --print -- # Task: Curate a raw web corpus to train the best small language model ## Context You are assembling the pretraining data for a small language model. You have a large pool of **raw web documents** at `/workspace/data/pool.jsonl` ??? one JSON object per line: `{"id": <int>, "text": "..."}`. The documents are unlabeled. The pool holds **182,016 documents (~200M GPT-2 tokens total)**. Compute is fixed: the model is trained on a **fixed budget of 12,000,000 tokens** ??? only ~6% of the pool, far smaller than the whole thing. So you cannot train on everything: you must decide *which* documents are worth training on. The training pipeline tokenizes your selection (GPT-2 BPE) in priority order and stops once it has accumulated 12M tokens. ## Goal Curate the pool: choose the documents that, trained on under the fixed budget, produce the **best language model**. Quality is measured by **held-out perplexity on a BROAD, multi-domain high-quality English target** ??? equal parts encyclopedic (Wikipedia), general high-quality web prose, news, and technical Q&A. This is your disclosed target: select data that makes the model good across *all* of these registers, not just one. Lower perplexity is better. ## Deliverables 1. `/workspace/submission/selection.json` ??? a JSON list of pool `id`s to train on, in **priority order** (best first). The training pipeline consumes your list in order until the **12M-token** budget is filled, then trains. Provide enough ids to cover at least 12M tokens (a few hundred MB of text is ample); ids beyond the budget are simply unused. 2. `/workspace/submission/curate.py` ??? the reproducible script that produced your selection from a stated criterion (not a hand-picked id list). 3. `/workspace/claim.md` ??? Hypothesis / Mechanism (predict an observable other than the final perplexity) / Falsification / Transfer. ## Resources - The **frozen training script** is provided (`/workspace/train_nano.py`, with `model.py`). It trains a ~30M-parameter GPT from scratch on a token budget with fixed hyperparameters. **You may run it to evaluate a candidate selection** against a dev target (`/workspace/data/multi_dev.npy`) ??? one run is ~60s on the GPU ??? but you **cannot change it**; the official run uses an identical frozen copy. The only thing you control is the data selection. - Standard GPU sandbox (Python, PyTorch, transformers). How you assess document quality is entirely up to you (filters, classifiers, heuristics, a model, etc.). - Your session ends when the wall-clock budget runs out ??? check `/workspace/.timer/remaining_secs` at any point for the authoritative time left (don't assume a fixed number of hours). Every training run you do comes out of that budget. - No internet. The pool's documents are freshly assembled; you cannot look up any quality labels ??? any quality signal must come from your own analysis. ## How you are scored Official: your selection fills the fixed token budget, the frozen script trains the 30M GPT from scratch, and the verifier measures the **absolute held-out perplexity on the hidden high-quality target** (a different sample from the disclosed domain than the dev set). That perplexity is your score. **Lower is better** ??? the goal is simply to push held-out perplexity as low as you can. The verifier reports the raw perplexity and does no normalization. For reference and for a separate downstream normalization step, the benchmark records two fixed anchors: a **baseline** of held-out perplexity from a random selection (the do-nothing reference), and a **theoretical best** of perplexity 1 (the perplexity floor, unreachable in practice). Aim to get your held-out perplexity well below the random baseline. ## Constraints - `selection.json` must be produced by `curate.py` from a stated criterion; an opaque hand-picked id list fails the publishability check even if it scores well. - A selection with duplicate or out-of-range ids, or too few tokens to fill the budget, is marked invalid (no score recorded) and excluded from ranking, so it can't win and doesn't distort averages.
root 2097 95.3 0.6 7615876 6999384 ? Rl 03:44 2:29 python3 submission/curate.py
---
[stdout]
root 154 0.0 0.0 12432 4612 ? Ss 03:22 0:00 bash -c rm -f /tmp/ri-exec-faa66b3006a84b29be1897fc8666def7.pid setsid bash -c 'set -o pipefail; export PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH"; claude --verbose --output-format=stream-json --permission-mode=bypassPermissions --disallowedTools WebSearch WebFetch --print -- '"'"'# Task: Curate a raw web corpus to train the best small language model ## Context You are assembling the pretraining data for a small language model. You have a large pool of **raw web documents** at `/workspace/data/pool.jsonl` ??? one JSON object per line: `{"id": <int>, "text": "..."}`. The documents are unlabeled. The pool holds **182,016 documents (~200M GPT-2 tokens total)**. Compute is fixed: the model is trained on a **fixed budget of 12,000,000 tokens** ??? only ~6% of the pool, far smaller than the whole thing. So you cannot train on everything: you must decide *which* documents are worth training on. The training pipeline tokenizes your selection (GPT-2 BPE) in priority order and stops once it has accumulated 12M tokens. ## Goal Curate the pool: choose the documents that, trained on under the fixed budget, produce the **best language model**. Quality is measured by **held-out perplexity on a BROAD, multi-domain high-quality English target** ??? equal parts encyclopedic (Wikipedia), general high-quality web prose, news, and technical Q&A. This is your disclosed target: select data that makes the model good across *all* of these registers, not just one. Lower perplexity is better. ## Deliverables 1. `/workspace/submission/selection.json` ??? a JSON list of pool `id`s to train on, in **priority order** (best first). The training pipeline consumes your list in order until the **12M-token** budget is filled, then trains. Provide enough ids to cover at least 12M tokens (a few hundred MB of text is ample); ids beyond the budget are simply unused. 2. `/workspace/submission/curate.py` ??? the reproducible script that produced your selection from a stated criterion (not a hand-picked id list). 3. `/workspace/claim.md` ??? Hypothesis / Mechanism (predict an observable other than the final perplexity) / Falsification / Transfer. ## Resources - The **frozen training script** is provided (`/workspace/train_nano.py`, with `model.py`). It trains a ~30M-parameter GPT from scratch on a token budget with fixed hyperparameters. **You may run it to evaluate a candidate selection** against a dev target (`/workspace/data/multi_dev.npy`) ??? one run is ~60s on the GPU ??? but you **cannot change it**; the official run uses an identical frozen copy. The only thing you control is the data selection. - Standard GPU sandbox (Python, PyTorch, transformers). How you assess document quality is entirely up to you (filters, classifiers, heuristics, a model, etc.). - Your session ends when the wall-clock budget runs out ??? check `/workspace/.timer/remaining_secs` at any point for the authoritative time left (don'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'t assume a fixed number of hours). Every training run you do comes out of that budget. - No internet. The pool'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'s documents are freshly assembled; you cannot look up any quality labels ??? any quality signal must come from your own analysis. ## How you are scored Official: your selection fills the fixed token budget, the frozen script trains the 30M GPT from scratch, and the verifier measures the **absolute held-out perplexity on the hidden high-quality target** (a different sample from the disclosed domain than the dev set). That perplexity is your score. **Lower is better** ??? the goal is simply to push held-out perplexity as low as you can. The verifier reports the raw perplexity and does no normalization. For reference and for a separate downstream normalization step, the benchmark records two fixed anchors: a **baseline** of held-out perplexity from a random selection (the do-nothing reference), and a **theoretical best** of perplexity 1 (the perplexity floor, unreachable in practice). Aim to get your held-out perplexity well below the random baseline. ## Constraints - `selection.json` must be produced by `curate.py` from a stated criterion; an opaque hand-picked id list fails the publishability check even if it scores well. - A selection with duplicate or out-of-range ids, or too few tokens to fill the budget, is marked invalid (no score recorded) and excluded from ranking, so it can'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'t win and doesn'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'"'t distort averages. '"'"' 2>&1 </dev/null | tee /logs/agent/claude-code.txt' & child="$!" echo "$child" > /tmp/ri-exec-faa66b3006a84b29be1897fc8666def7.pid wait "$child" rc="$?" rm -f /tmp/ri-exec-faa66b3006a84b29be1897fc8666def7.pid exit "$rc"
root 156 0.0 0.0 12432 4392 ? Ss 03:22 0:00 bash -c set -o pipefail; export PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH"; claude --verbose --output-format=stream-json --permission-mode=bypassPermissions --disallowedTools WebSearch WebFetch --print -- '# Task: Curate a raw web corpus to train the best small language model ## Context You are assembling the pretraining data for a small language model. You have a large pool of **raw web documents** at `/workspace/data/pool.jsonl` ??? one JSON object per line: `{"id": <int>, "text": "..."}`. The documents are unlabeled. The pool holds **182,016 documents (~200M GPT-2 tokens total)**. Compute is fixed: the model is trained on a **fixed budget of 12,000,000 tokens** ??? only ~6% of the pool, far smaller than the whole thing. So you cannot train on everything: you must decide *which* documents are worth training on. The training pipeline tokenizes your selection (GPT-2 BPE) in priority order and stops once it has accumulated 12M tokens. ## Goal Curate the pool: choose the documents that, trained on under the fixed budget, produce the **best language model**. Quality is measured by **held-out perplexity on a BROAD, multi-domain high-quality English target** ??? equal parts encyclopedic (Wikipedia), general high-quality web prose, news, and technical Q&A. This is your disclosed target: select data that makes the model good across *all* of these registers, not just one. Lower perplexity is better. ## Deliverables 1. `/workspace/submission/selection.json` ??? a JSON list of pool `id`s to train on, in **priority order** (best first). The training pipeline consumes your list in order until the **12M-token** budget is filled, then trains. Provide enough ids to cover at least 12M tokens (a few hundred MB of text is ample); ids beyond the budget are simply unused. 2. `/workspace/submission/curate.py` ??? the reproducible script that produced your selection from a stated criterion (not a hand-picked id list). 3. `/workspace/claim.md` ??? Hypothesis / Mechanism (predict an observable other than the final perplexity) / Falsification / Transfer. ## Resources - The **frozen training script** is provided (`/workspace/train_nano.py`, with `model.py`). It trains a ~30M-parameter GPT from scratch on a token budget with fixed hyperparameters. **You may run it to evaluate a candidate selection** against a dev target (`/workspace/data/multi_dev.npy`) ??? one run is ~60s on the GPU ??? but you **cannot change it**; the official run uses an identical frozen copy. The only thing you control is the data selection. - Standard GPU sandbox (Python, PyTorch, transformers). How you assess document quality is entirely up to you (filters, classifiers, heuristics, a model, etc.). - Your session ends when the wall-clock budget runs out ??? check `/workspace/.timer/remaining_secs` at any point for the authoritative time left (don'"'"'t assume a fixed number of hours). Every training run you do comes out of that budget. - No internet. The pool'"'"'s documents are freshly assembled; you cannot look up any quality labels ??? any quality signal must come from your own analysis. ## How you are scored Official: your selection fills the fixed token budget, the frozen script trains the 30M GPT from scratch, and the verifier measures the **absolute held-out perplexity on the hidden high-quality target** (a different sample from the disclosed domain than the dev set). That perplexity is your score. **Lower is better** ??? the goal is simply to push held-out perplexity as low as you can. The verifier reports the raw perplexity and does no normalization. For reference and for a separate downstream normalization step, the benchmark records two fixed anchors: a **baseline** of held-out perplexity from a random selection (the do-nothing reference), and a **theoretical best** of perplexity 1 (the perplexity floor, unreachable in practice). Aim to get your held-out perplexity well below the random baseline. ## Constraints - `selection.json` must be produced by `curate.py` from a stated criterion; an opaque hand-picked id list fails the publishability check even if it scores well. - A selection with duplicate or out-of-range ids, or too few tokens to fill the budget, is marked invalid (no score recorded) and excluded from ranking, so it can'"'"'t win and doesn'"'"'t distort averages. ' 2>&1 </dev/null | tee /logs/agent/claude-code.txt
root 157 5.3 0.0 6296388 541056 ? Sl 03:22 1:17 claude --verbose --output-format=stream-json --permission-mode=bypassPermissions --disallowedTools WebSearch WebFetch --print -- # Task: Curate a raw web corpus to train the best small language model ## Context You are assembling the pretraining data for a small language model. You have a large pool of **raw web documents** at `/workspace/data/pool.jsonl` ??? one JSON object per line: `{"id": <int>, "text": "..."}`. The documents are unlabeled. The pool holds **182,016 documents (~200M GPT-2 tokens total)**. Compute is fixed: the model is trained on a **fixed budget of 12,000,000 tokens** ??? only ~6% of the pool, far smaller than the whole thing. So you cannot train on everything: you must decide *which* documents are worth training on. The training pipeline tokenizes your selection (GPT-2 BPE) in priority order and stops once it has accumulated 12M tokens. ## Goal Curate the pool: choose the documents that, trained on under the fixed budget, produce the **best language model**. Quality is measured by **held-out perplexity on a BROAD, multi-domain high-quality English target** ??? equal parts encyclopedic (Wikipedia), general high-quality web prose, news, and technical Q&A. This is your disclosed target: select data that makes the model good across *all* of these registers, not just one. Lower perplexity is better. ## Deliverables 1. `/workspace/submission/selection.json` ??? a JSON list of pool `id`s to train on, in **priority order** (best first). The training pipeline consumes your list in order until the **12M-token** budget is filled, then trains. Provide enough ids to cover at least 12M tokens (a few hundred MB of text is ample); ids beyond the budget are simply unused. 2. `/workspace/submission/curate.py` ??? the reproducible script that produced your selection from a stated criterion (not a hand-picked id list). 3. `/workspace/claim.md` ??? Hypothesis / Mechanism (predict an observable other than the final perplexity) / Falsification / Transfer. ## Resources - The **frozen training script** is provided (`/workspace/train_nano.py`, with `model.py`). It trains a ~30M-parameter GPT from scratch on a token budget with fixed hyperparameters. **You may run it to evaluate a candidate selection** against a dev target (`/workspace/data/multi_dev.npy`) ??? one run is ~60s on the GPU ??? but you **cannot change it**; the official run uses an identical frozen copy. The only thing you control is the data selection. - Standard GPU sandbox (Python, PyTorch, transformers). How you assess document quality is entirely up to you (filters, classifiers, heuristics, a model, etc.). - Your session ends when the wall-clock budget runs out ??? check `/workspace/.timer/remaining_secs` at any point for the authoritative time left (don't assume a fixed number of hours). Every training run you do comes out of that budget. - No internet. The pool's documents are freshly assembled; you cannot look up any quality labels ??? any quality signal must come from your own analysis. ## How you are scored Official: your selection fills the fixed token budget, the frozen script trains the 30M GPT from scratch, and the verifier measures the **absolute held-out perplexity on the hidden high-quality target** (a different sample from the disclosed domain than the dev set). That perplexity is your score. **Lower is better** ??? the goal is simply to push held-out perplexity as low as you can. The verifier reports the raw perplexity and does no normalization. For reference and for a separate downstream normalization step, the benchmark records two fixed anchors: a **baseline** of held-out perplexity from a random selection (the do-nothing reference), and a **theoretical best** of perplexity 1 (the perplexity floor, unreachable in practice). Aim to get your held-out perplexity well below the random baseline. ## Constraints - `selection.json` must be produced by `curate.py` from a stated criterion; an opaque hand-picked id list fails the publishability check even if it scores well. - A selection with duplicate or out-of-range ids, or too few tokens to fill the budget, is marked invalid (no score recorded) and excluded from ranking, so it can't win and doesn't distort averages.
root 2097 95.3 0.6 7615876 6999384 ? Rl 03:44 2:29 python3 submission/curate.py
---
[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}DSIR scorer is running (bigram scoring is compute-heavy, output is buffered). Let me wait for it.
args
{
"command": "sleep 150; cat /tmp/curate_dsir.out; echo \"timer:\"; cat /workspace/.timer/remaining_secs",
"description": "Wait for DSIR"
}Bash result · error
Exit code 143
Command timed out after 2m 0s
[error] tool reported failureencrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed
args
{
"command": "sleep 30; cat /tmp/curate_dsir.out; echo \"alive:\"; ps aux|grep 2097|grep -v grep|wc -l",
"description": "Check DSIR"
}Bash result
pool: 182016 docs
positives: 2557 target docs
scored 0/182016
scored 40000/182016
scored 80000/182016
scored 120000/182016
scored 160000/182016
well-formed: 100720 / 182016
wrote 100720 ids -> /workspace/submission/selection.json top scores [1.0033202 1.0018623 0.9594529]
alive:
0
[stdout]
pool: 182016 docs
positives: 2557 target docs
scored 0/182016
scored 40000/182016
scored 80000/182016
scored 120000/182016
scored 160000/182016
well-formed: 100720 / 182016
wrote 100720 ids -> /workspace/submission/selection.json top scores [1.0033202 1.0018623 0.9594529]
alive:
0
[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}DSIR selection is written. Let me evaluate it.
args
{
"command": "cd /workspace; bash dev_eval.sh /workspace/submission/selection.json 2>&1 | grep -E \"HELDOUT|packed\"; echo \"timer:\"; cat /workspace/.timer/remaining_secs",
"description": "Eval DSIR selection",
"timeout": 300000
}Bash result
packed 12000000 tokens from 100720 ids -> /tmp/dev_train.npy
HELDOUT_PPL 356.463 loss 5.8762 train_s 51 /tmp/dev_train.npy
timer:
3708
[stdout]
packed 12000000 tokens from 100720 ids -> /tmp/dev_train.npy
HELDOUT_PPL 356.463 loss 5.8762 train_s 51 /tmp/dev_train.npy
timer:
3708
[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}Excellent — DSIR scoring gives 356.5, far below random (485) and the LR classifier. This is a robust, strong signal. Let me verify the top docs and try one tuning variant (bigram weight) in parallel.
args
{
"command": "cd /workspace; python3 -c \"\nimport json\nsel=json.load(open('submission/selection.json'))\ntext={}\nfor l in open('data/pool.jsonl'):\n r=json.loads(l); text[r['id']]=r['text']\nfor i in sel[:5]:\n print('==',i,'==',text[i][:200].replace(chr(10),' '))\n\"",
"description": "Inspect DSIR top docs"
}Bash result
== 163054 == .<|endoftext|>Per offrire informazioni e servizi nel miglior modo possibile,questo sito utilizza cookie tecnici e analitici. Per maggiori informazioni sui cookie e su come eventualmente disabilitarli
== 8221 == Follow-up and lochial Stephanus clamours his cutinization undressings unsold firstly. mesmeric Ted overtrusts, resep cara mengolah ubi jalar his czaritza enthralling eyeleting occasionally. biform Den
== 108673 == Here are the list of players included in each of the eight playing team in IPL 2007-08. The tournament will begin on April 18, when Bangalore takes on Kolkata at the Chinnaswamy Stadium in Bangalore.
== 18830 == Archaeological dating methods Futilities must undress thitherward convened dismissively towerish tomato. Possessory tongs being very mechanically fugued calendering. Burdensomely tomentum consciously
== 144265 == Us<|endoftext|>Code: AACC Renault - 1991 - 19 AACC Code: AACC Renault - 1991 - 19 Home / AACC / 1991 Renault 19 Fuel type gasoline, AACC vendor, inline engine, displacement 1237 cc., engine location
[stdout]
== 163054 == .<|endoftext|>Per offrire informazioni e servizi nel miglior modo possibile,questo sito utilizza cookie tecnici e analitici. Per maggiori informazioni sui cookie e su come eventualmente disabilitarli
== 8221 == Follow-up and lochial Stephanus clamours his cutinization undressings unsold firstly. mesmeric Ted overtrusts, resep cara mengolah ubi jalar his czaritza enthralling eyeleting occasionally. biform Den
== 108673 == Here are the list of players included in each of the eight playing team in IPL 2007-08. The tournament will begin on April 18, when Bangalore takes on Kolkata at the Chinnaswamy Stadium in Bangalore.
== 18830 == Archaeological dating methods Futilities must undress thitherward convened dismissively towerish tomato. Possessory tongs being very mechanically fugued calendering. Burdensomely tomentum consciously
== 144265 == Us<|endoftext|>Code: AACC Renault - 1991 - 19 AACC Code: AACC Renault - 1991 - 19 Home / AACC / 1991 Renault 19 Fuel type gasoline, AACC vendor, inline engine, displacement 1237 cc., engine location
[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}Strong result (356), though the very top has some rare-word-salad artifacts from add-1 smoothing inflating OOV words. Let me try a refined variant (clip per-word ratios + weight by target-vocabulary coverage) and keep whichever scores better. Current good selection is already saved.
args
{
"command": "cd /workspace; cp submission/curate.py /tmp/curate_v3.py\npython3 - <<'EOF'\nimport re\ns=open('/tmp/curate_v3.py').read()\ns=s.replace('OUT = \"/workspace/submission/selection.json\"','OUT = \"/tmp/sel_v3.json\"')\n# replace scoring block: clip ratios and multiply by target-vocab coverage\nold=''' su = sum(uni_lr.get(w, 0.0) for w in ws) / len(ws)\n bg = bigrams(ws)\n sb = (sum(lr_bi(b) for b in bg) / len(bg)) if bg else 0.0\n scores[i] = su + 0.5 * sb'''\nnew=''' cov = sum(1 for w in ws if w in tgt_u) / len(ws)\n su = sum(max(-3.0, min(3.0, uni_lr.get(w, -3.0))) for w in ws) / len(ws)\n bg = bigrams(ws)\n sb = (sum(max(-3.0,min(3.0,lr_bi(b))) for b in bg) / len(bg)) if bg else 0.0\n scores[i] = (su + 0.5 * sb) + 2.0 * cov'''\nassert old in s\ns=s.replace(old,new)\nopen('/tmp/curate_v3.py','w').write(s)\nprint(\"patched\")\nEOF\nnohup python3 /tmp/curate_v3.py > /tmp/curate_v3b.out 2>&1 & echo \"pid $!\"",
"description": "Run v3 variant with coverage weighting"
}Bash result
patched
pid 2716
[stdout]
patched
pid 2716
[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed
args
{
"command": "sleep 200; cat /tmp/curate_v3b.out",
"description": "Wait for v3"
}Bash result · error
Exit code 143
Command timed out after 2m 0s
[error] tool reported failureencrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed
args
{
"command": "sleep 40; tail -3 /tmp/curate_v3b.out; ps aux|grep 2716|grep -v grep|wc -l",
"description": "Check v3"
}Bash result
1
[stdout]
1
[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed
args
{
"command": "sleep 45; tail -3 /tmp/curate_v3b.out; ps aux|grep 2716|grep -v grep|wc -l",
"description": "Check v3"
}Bash result
1
[stdout]
1
[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed
args
{
"command": "sleep 60; ps aux|grep 2716|grep -v grep|wc -l; tail -3 /tmp/curate_v3b.out; ls -la /tmp/sel_v3.json 2>/dev/null",
"description": "Check v3 done"
}Bash result
0
scored 160000/182016
well-formed: 100720 / 182016
wrote 100720 ids -> /tmp/sel_v3.json top scores [2.2347522 2.0660083 1.9682664]
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 711057 Aug 4 03:56 /tmp/sel_v3.json
[stdout]
0
scored 160000/182016
well-formed: 100720 / 182016
wrote 100720 ids -> /tmp/sel_v3.json top scores [2.2347522 2.0660083 1.9682664]
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 711057 Aug 4 03:56 /tmp/sel_v3.json
[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed
args
{
"command": "cd /workspace; python3 -c \"\nimport json\nsel=json.load(open('/tmp/sel_v3.json'))\ntext={}\nfor l in open('data/pool.jsonl'):\n r=json.loads(l); text[r['id']]=r['text']\nfor i in sel[:4]:\n print('==',i,'==',text[i][:150].replace(chr(10),' '))\n\"; bash dev_eval.sh /tmp/sel_v3.json 2>&1 | grep HELDOUT; echo \"timer:\"; cat /workspace/.timer/remaining_secs",
"description": "Inspect and eval v3",
"timeout": 300000
}Bash result
== 108673 == Here are the list of players included in each of the eight playing team in IPL 2007-08. The tournament will begin on April 18, when Bangalore takes on
== 12743 == ZF-5830: Zend_Db_Table_Select doesn't allow use of $select->columns('..') Zend_Db_Table_Select doesn't allow use of $select->columns('..') code fragme
== 8106 == Video Analysis for REPLY TO SHIV SENA May 30, 2014 600 x 360 5 / 5 (0 ratings) 5 / 5 EST. TOTAL REVENUE $0 - $0 EST. MONTHLY REVENUE $0 - $0 EST. YEAR
== 58452 == <|endoftext|>New Delhi: Five new Supreme Court judges were today sworn in, taking the top court’s strength to 28, including the Chief Justice of India
HELDOUT_PPL 372.568 loss 5.9204 train_s 51 /tmp/dev_train.npy
timer:
3277
[stdout]
== 108673 == Here are the list of players included in each of the eight playing team in IPL 2007-08. The tournament will begin on April 18, when Bangalore takes on
== 12743 == ZF-5830: Zend_Db_Table_Select doesn't allow use of $select->columns('..') Zend_Db_Table_Select doesn't allow use of $select->columns('..') code fragme
== 8106 == Video Analysis for REPLY TO SHIV SENA May 30, 2014 600 x 360 5 / 5 (0 ratings) 5 / 5 EST. TOTAL REVENUE $0 - $0 EST. MONTHLY REVENUE $0 - $0 EST. YEAR
== 58452 == <|endoftext|>New Delhi: Five new Supreme Court judges were today sworn in, taking the top court’s strength to 28, including the Chief Justice of India
HELDOUT_PPL 372.568 loss 5.9204 train_s 51 /tmp/dev_train.npy
timer:
3277
[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}v3 (372.6) is worse than the original DSIR (356.5), which remains my best and is already the saved selection.json. Let me try one more quick variant — higher bigram weight — then finalize.
args
{
"command": "cd /workspace; sed 's#/workspace/submission/selection.json#/tmp/sel_v4.json#; s/su + 0.5 \\* sb/su + 1.0 * sb/' submission/curate.py > /tmp/curate_v4.py\nnohup python3 /tmp/curate_v4.py > /tmp/curate_v4.out 2>&1 & echo \"pid $!\"",
"description": "Run v4 bigram weight 1.0"
}Bash result
pid 3289
[stdout]
pid 3289
[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}While v4 runs, update claim.md with the confirmed numbers.
args
{
"replace_all": false,
"file_path": "/workspace/claim.md",
"old_string": "# Claim: target-domain quality filtering beats random selection under a fixed token budget\n\n## Hypothesis\nUnder a fixed 12M-token training budget drawn from a large raw-web pool, selecting\ndocuments that resemble the disclosed high-quality target distribution (encyclopedic\n+ HQ web prose + news + technical Q&A) yields a lower held-out perplexity than a\nrandom selection of the same size. Most of a raw web crawl is boilerplate, forum\nchatter, and markup that spends budget without teaching the target register; a\ncontrastive quality classifier concentrates the budget on target-like prose.\n\n## Mechanism (observable other than final perplexity)\nWe train a logistic-regression classifier over hashed word n-gram features with\n**positives = documents decoded from the dev target stream** and\n**negatives = a random sample of the raw pool**, then rank the pool by\nP(target-like) and keep only well-formed documents.\n\nPredicted *observable*: the highest-ranked pool documents are dominated by clean\nencyclopedic/biographical prose (Wikipedia-style third-person expository text with\ndates, proper nouns, and full sentences), while the lowest-ranked and heuristically\nrejected documents are forum posts, menus/link lists, and symbol-heavy markup.\nThis is directly inspectable *before* any training run — the ranking’s top vs.\nbottom docs should be qualitatively different in register. (Confirmed: the top-6\nranked docs are all encyclopedic biographies/history; ~45% of the pool is dropped\nby well-formedness heuristics.)\n\n## Falsification\nThe claim is false if, on the frozen 30M-GPT recipe:\n- the classifier-ranked selection does **not** achieve lower held-out perplexity\n than an equal-budget random selection (baseline), or\n- the top-ranked documents are indistinguishable in register from random pool\n documents (i.e. the classifier learned nothing useful).\n\nObserved on the dev target: random baseline PPL ≈ **485.5**, classifier-ranked\nselection PPL ≈ **462.9** — a real reduction, so the hypothesis is not falsified.",
"new_string": "# Claim: target-domain importance filtering beats random selection under a fixed token budget\n\n## Hypothesis\nUnder a fixed 12M-token training budget drawn from a large raw-web pool, selecting\ndocuments whose word-usage distribution matches the disclosed high-quality target\n(encyclopedic + HQ web prose + news + technical Q&A) yields a substantially lower\nheld-out perplexity than a random selection of the same size. Most of a raw web\ncrawl is boilerplate, forum chatter, and markup that spends budget without teaching\nthe target register; a DSIR-style n-gram importance score concentrates the budget\non target-like prose.\n\n## Mechanism (observable other than final perplexity)\nWe estimate smoothed unigram+bigram distributions from **target = text decoded from\nthe dev target stream** and **background = the raw pool**, and rank each pool\ndocument by its mean per-token log-likelihood ratio\n`mean_w[ log P_target(w) − log P_background(w) ]`, keeping only well-formed docs.\n\nPredicted *observable*: the ranking separates registers. Documents whose n-gram\nstatistics match the target — clean expository prose, encyclopedic/news writing —\nrank high, while forum posts, menus/link lists, and symbol-heavy markup rank low\nand are dropped by the well-formedness filter (~45% of the pool is removed). This\nis inspectable *before* training by reading the top vs. bottom of the ranking.\n\n## Falsification\nThe claim is false if, on the frozen 30M-GPT recipe, the importance-ranked\nselection does **not** achieve lower held-out perplexity than an equal-budget\nrandom selection.\n\nObserved on the dev target (frozen recipe, seed 1337):\n- random baseline PPL ≈ **485.5**\n- hashed-LR classifier variant PPL ≈ **462–493** (weak/noisy — within run variance)\n- **DSIR n-gram importance selection PPL ≈ 356.5** — a ~27% reduction below random.\n\nThe large, robust gap for the n-gram importance method confirms the hypothesis; the\nnoisy LR variant shows the *signal quality* matters — collision-based hashing is too\nweak, explicit n-gram statistics are what deliver the reduction."
}Edit result
The file /workspace/claim.md has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)
[metadata] {"filePath": "/workspace/claim.md", "oldString": "# Claim: target-domain quality filtering beats random selection under a fixed token budget\n\n## Hypothesis\nUnder a fixed 12M-token training budget drawn from a large raw-web pool, selecting\ndocuments that resemble the disclosed high-quality target distribution (encyclopedic\n+ HQ web prose + news + technical Q&A) yields a lower held-out perplexity than a\nrandom selection of the same size. Most of a raw web crawl is boilerplate, forum\nchatter, and markup that spends budget without teaching the target register; a\ncontrastive quality classifier concentrates the budget on target-like prose.\n\n## Mechanism (observable other than final perplexity)\nWe train a logistic-regression classifier over hashed word n-gram features with\n**positives = documents decoded from the dev target stream** and\n**negatives = a random sample of the raw pool**, then rank the pool by\nP(target-like) and keep only well-formed documents.\n\nPredicted *observable*: the highest-ranked pool documents are dominated by clean\nencyclopedic/biographical prose (Wikipedia-style third-person expository text with\ndates, proper nouns, and full sentences), while the lowest-ranked and heuristically\nrejected documents are forum posts, menus/link lists, and symbol-heavy markup.\nThis is directly inspectable *before* any training run — the ranking’s top vs.\nbottom docs should be qualitatively different in register. (Confirmed: the top-6\nranked docs are all encyclopedic biographies/history; ~45% of the pool is dropped\nby well-formedness heuristics.)\n\n## Falsification\nThe claim is false if, on the frozen 30M-GPT recipe:\n- the classifier-ranked selection does **not** achieve lower held-out perplexity\n than an equal-budget random selection (baseline), or\n- the top-ranked documents are indistinguishable in register from random pool\n documents (i.e. the classifier learned nothing useful).\n\nObserved on the dev target: random baseline PPL ≈ **485.5**, classifier-ranked\nselection PPL ≈ **462.9** — a real reduction, so the hypothesis is not falsified.", "newString": "# Claim: target-domain importance filtering beats random selection under a fixed token budget\n\n## Hypothesis\nUnder a fixed 12M-token training budget drawn from a large raw-web pool, selecting\ndocuments whose word-usage distribution matches the disclosed high-quality target\n(encyclopedic + HQ web prose + news + technical Q&A) yields a substantially lower\nheld-out perplexity than a random selection of the same size. Most of a raw web\ncrawl is boilerplate, forum chatter, and markup that spends budget without teaching\nthe target register; a DSIR-style n-gram importance score concentrates the budget\non target-like prose.\n\n## Mechanism (observable other than final perplexity)\nWe estimate smoothed unigram+bigram distributions from **target = text decoded from\nthe dev target stream** and **background = the raw pool**, and rank each pool\ndocument by its mean per-token log-likelihood ratio\n`mean_w[ log P_target(w) − log P_background(w) ]`, keeping only well-formed docs.\n\nPredicted *observable*: the ranking separates registers. Documents whose n-gram\nstatistics match the target — clean expository prose, encyclopedic/news writing —\nrank high, while forum posts, menus/link lists, and symbol-heavy markup rank low\nand are dropped by the well-formedness filter (~45% of the pool is removed). This\nis inspectable *before* training by reading the top vs. bottom of the ranking.\n\n## Falsification\nThe claim is false if, on the frozen 30M-GPT recipe, the importance-ranked\nselection does **not** achieve lower held-out perplexity than an equal-budget\nrandom selection.\n\nObserved on the dev target (frozen recipe, seed 1337):\n- random baseline PPL ≈ **485.5**\n- hashed-LR classifier variant PPL ≈ **462–493** (weak/noisy — within run variance)\n- **DSIR n-gram importance selection PPL ≈ 356.5** — a ~27% reduction below random.\n\nThe large, robust gap for the n-gram importance method confirms the hypothesis; the\nnoisy LR variant shows the *signal quality* matters — collision-based hashing is too\nweak, explicit n-gram statistics are what deliver the reduction.", "originalFile": "# Claim: target-domain quality filtering beats random selection under a fixed token budget\n\n## Hypothesis\nUnder a fixed 12M-token training budget drawn from a large raw-web pool, selecting\ndocuments that resemble the disclosed high-quality target distribution (encyclopedic\n+ HQ web prose + news + technical Q&A) yields a lower held-out perplexity than a\nrandom selection of the same size. Most of a raw web crawl is boilerplate, forum\nchatter, and markup that spends budget without teaching the target register; a\ncontrastive quality classifier concentrates the budget on target-like prose.\n\n## Mechanism (observable other than final perplexity)\nWe train a logistic-regression classifier over hashed word n-gram features with\n**positives = documents decoded from the dev target stream** and\n**negatives = a random sample of the raw pool**, then rank the pool by\nP(target-like) and keep only well-formed documents.\n\nPredicted *observable*: the highest-ranked pool documents are dominated by clean\nencyclopedic/biographical prose (Wikipedia-style third-person expository text with\ndates, proper nouns, and full sentences), while the lowest-ranked and heuristically\nrejected documents are forum posts, menus/link lists, and symbol-heavy markup.\nThis is directly inspectable *before* any training run — the ranking’s top vs.\nbottom docs should be qualitatively different in register. (Confirmed: the top-6\nranked docs are all encyclopedic biographies/history; ~45% of the pool is dropped\nby well-formedness heuristics.)\n\n## Falsification\nThe claim is false if, on the frozen 30M-GPT recipe:\n- the classifier-ranked selection does **not** achieve lower held-out perplexity\n than an equal-budget random selection (baseline), or\n- the top-ranked documents are indistinguishable in register from random pool\n documents (i.e. the classifier learned nothing useful).\n\nObserved on the dev target: random baseline PPL ≈ **485.5**, classifier-ranked\nselection PPL ≈ **462.9** — a real reduction, so the hypothesis is not falsified.\n\n## Transfer\nThe recipe is domain-agnostic: given any small clean target sample and a large\nnoisy pool, contrast-classify (target vs. pool) + light well-formedness filtering\ntransfers to other target domains (e.g. code, biomedical, legal) and to larger\nbudgets — you simply swap the positive set. It also composes with de-duplication\nand with stronger quality signals (perplexity from a reference LM) without changing\nthe selection interface (an ordered id list).\n", "structuredPatch": [{"oldStart": 1, "oldLines": 38, "newStart": 1, "newLines": 40, "lines": ["-# Claim: target-domain quality filtering beats random selection under a fixed token budget", "+# Claim: target-domain importance filtering beats random selection under a fixed token budget", " ", " ## Hypothesis", " Under a fixed 12M-token training budget drawn from a large raw-web pool, selecting", "-documents that resemble the disclosed high-quality target distribution (encyclopedic", "-+ HQ web prose + news + technical Q&A) yields a lower held-out perplexity than a", "-random selection of the same size. Most of a raw web crawl is boilerplate, forum", "-chatter, and markup that spends budget without teaching the target register; a", "-contrastive quality classifier concentrates the budget on target-like prose.", "+documents whose word-usage distribution matches the disclosed high-quality target", "+(encyclopedic + HQ web prose + news + technical Q&A) yields a substantially lower", "+held-out perplexity than a random selection of the same size. Most of a raw web", "+crawl is boilerplate, forum chatter, and markup that spends budget without teaching", "+the target register; a DSIR-style n-gram importance score concentrates the budget", "+on target-like prose.", " ", " ## Mechanism (observable other than final perplexity)", "-We train a logistic-regression classifier over hashed word n-gram features with", "-**positives = documents decoded from the dev target stream** and", "-**negatives = a random sample of the raw pool**, then rank the pool by", "-P(target-like) and keep only well-formed documents.", "+We estimate smoothed unigram+bigram distributions from **target = text decoded from", "+the dev target stream** and **background = the raw pool**, and rank each pool", "+document by its mean per-token log-likelihood ratio", "+`mean_w[ log P_target(w) − log P_background(w) ]`, keeping only well-formed docs.", " ", "-Predicted *observable*: the highest-ranked pool documents are dominated by clean", "-encyclopedic/biographical prose (Wikipedia-style third-person expository text with", "-dates, proper nouns, and full sentences), while the lowest-ranked and heuristically", "-rejected documents are forum posts, menus/link lists, and symbol-heavy markup.", "-This is directly inspectable *before* any training run — the ranking’s top vs.", "-bottom docs should be qualitatively different in register. (Confirmed: the top-6", "-ranked docs are all encyclopedic biographies/history; ~45% of the pool is dropped", "-by well-formedness heuristics.)", "+Predicted *observable*: the ranking separates registers. Documents whose n-gram", "+statistics match the target — clean expository prose, encyclopedic/news writing —", "+rank high, while forum posts, menus/link lists, and symbol-heavy markup rank low", "+and are dropped by the well-formedness filter (~45% of the pool is removed). This", "+is inspectable *before* training by reading the top vs. bottom of the ranking.", " ", " ## Falsification", "-The claim is false if, on the frozen 30M-GPT recipe:", "-- the classifier-ranked selection does **not** achieve lower held-out perplexity", "- than an equal-budget random selection (baseline), or", "-- the top-ranked documents are indistinguishable in register from random pool", "- documents (i.e. the classifier learned nothing useful).", "+The claim is false if, on the frozen 30M-GPT recipe, the importance-ranked", "+selection does **not** achieve lower held-out perplexity than an equal-budget", "+random selection.", " ", "-Observed on the dev target: random baseline PPL ≈ **485.5**, classifier-ranked", "-selection PPL ≈ **462.9** — a real reduction, so the hypothesis is not falsified.", "+Observed on the dev target (frozen recipe, seed 1337):", "+- random baseline PPL ≈ **485.5**", "+- hashed-LR classifier variant PPL ≈ **462–493** (weak/noisy — within run variance)", "+- **DSIR n-gram importance selection PPL ≈ 356.5** — a ~27% reduction below random.", " ", "+The large, robust gap for the n-gram importance method confirms the hypothesis; the", "+noisy LR variant shows the *signal quality* matters — collision-based hashing is too", "+weak, explicit n-gram statistics are what deliver the reduction.", "+", " ## Transfer", " The recipe is domain-agnostic: given any small clean target sample and a large", " noisy pool, contrast-classify (target vs. pool) + light well-formedness filtering"]}], "userModified": false, "replaceAll": false}encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed
args
{
"command": "sleep 30; ps aux|grep 3289|grep -v grep|wc -l; tail -2 /tmp/curate_v4.out 2>/dev/null",
"description": "Check v4"
}Bash result
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[stdout]
1
[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed
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{
"command": "sleep 180; ps aux|grep 3289|grep -v grep|wc -l; tail -2 /tmp/curate_v4.out",
"description": "Wait v4"
}Bash result · error
Exit code 143
Command timed out after 2m 0s
[error] tool reported failureencrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed
args
{
"command": "sleep 30; ps aux|grep 3289|grep -v grep|wc -l; tail -2 /tmp/curate_v4.out",
"description": "Check v4 done"
}Bash result
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[stdout]
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[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed
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{
"command": "sleep 50; ps aux|grep 3289|grep -v grep|wc -l; tail -1 /tmp/curate_v4.out",
"description": "Check v4 done"
}Bash result
0
wrote 100720 ids -> /tmp/sel_v4.json top scores [1.7066969 1.4422677 1.4422677]
[stdout]
0
wrote 100720 ids -> /tmp/sel_v4.json top scores [1.7066969 1.4422677 1.4422677]
[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed
args
{
"command": "cd /workspace; bash dev_eval.sh /tmp/sel_v4.json 2>&1 | grep HELDOUT; echo \"timer:\"; cat /workspace/.timer/remaining_secs",
"description": "Eval v4",
"timeout": 300000
}Bash result
HELDOUT_PPL 366.789 loss 5.9048 train_s 51 /tmp/dev_train.npy
timer:
2886
[stdout]
HELDOUT_PPL 366.789 loss 5.9048 train_s 51 /tmp/dev_train.npy
timer:
2886
[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}v4 (366.8) is also worse. The original DSIR (356.5) remains the best and is the saved selection. Let me do a final validation of all deliverables.
args
{
"command": "cd /workspace; python3 -c \"\nimport json\nsel=json.load(open('submission/selection.json'))\nprint('n ids:',len(sel),'unique:',len(set(sel)),'min:',min(sel),'max:',max(sel))\nassert len(sel)==len(set(sel)),'dups'\nassert min(sel)>=0 and max(sel)<182016,'range'\nprint('valid: no dups, in range')\n\"; echo '--- files ---'; ls -la submission/ claim.md",
"description": "Validate final deliverables"
}Bash result
n ids: 100720 unique: 100720 min: 0 max: 182015
valid: no dups, in range
--- files ---
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2548 Aug 4 03:58 claim.md
submission/:
total 700
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 200 Aug 4 03:44 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 200 Aug 4 03:58 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4662 Aug 4 03:44 curate.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 711057 Aug 4 03:47 selection.json
[stdout]
n ids: 100720 unique: 100720 min: 0 max: 182015
valid: no dups, in range
--- files ---
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2548 Aug 4 03:58 claim.md
submission/:
total 700
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 200 Aug 4 03:44 .
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 200 Aug 4 03:58 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4662 Aug 4 03:44 curate.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 711057 Aug 4 03:47 selection.json
[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}All deliverables are finalized and validated. Here's the summary.
Result
I curated the pool with a DSIR-style n-gram importance filter and drove held-out dev perplexity to 356.5, a ~27% reduction below the random baseline (485.5).
Approach
The disclosed dev target (multi_dev.npy) is GPT-2 tokens, so I decoded it back to text and used it as the positive reference for the target domain (broad HQ English — encyclopedic/news/prose/Q&A). Then:
- Estimate distributions: smoothed unigram+bigram counts from the decoded target vs. the raw pool (background).
- Rank each document by mean per-token log-likelihood ratio
log P_target(w) − log P_background(w)(bigram term weighted 0.5). - Filter out ill-formed docs (too short, symbol soup, menu/list boilerplate, repetitive) — drops ~45% of the pool.
- Emit pool ids in descending score, best-first.
What I tried (all evaluated on the frozen trainer)
| Method | Dev PPL |
|---|---|
| Random baseline | 485.5 |
| Hashed logistic-regression classifier | 462–493 (noisy) |
| Coverage-weighted / clipped DSIR (v3) | 372.6 |
| DSIR bigram-weight 1.0 (v4) | 366.8 |
| DSIR bigram-weight 0.5 (submitted) | 356.5 |
Key finding: signal quality matters — collision-based hashed features were within noise of random, while explicit n-gram statistics delivered the large, robust gain.
Deliverables
/workspace/submission/selection.json— 100,720 priority-ordered ids (validated: unique, in range, covers 12M tokens)./workspace/submission/curate.py— deterministic, reproduces the selection from the stated criterion./workspace/claim.md— hypothesis / mechanism / falsification / transfer, with confirmed numbers.
~48 min of budget remain, but variants have plateaued above the winning 356.5, so I'm finalizing here.