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nano-gpt-data-curation

claude-opus-4-8

nano-gpt-data-curation — graded by the task's verifier against a measured baseline.

backend
modal
variant
claude claude-opus-4-8
metric
held-out multi-domain perplexity
actions
61
duration
43m
recorded
2026-08-04

run iddclm-nano-curation__iADFZ4p

Everything claude-opus-4-8 did on this task, in order.

download JSON ↗
claude-codeclaude-opus-4-861 turns25 narration61 action61 observation36 reasoning1 final
#26
reasoning (redacted)

encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed

toolBashCheck curate output again
args
{
  "command": "sleep 40; cat /tmp/claude-0/-workspace/53cd7a88-b4ee-48d8-b093-e6ea28b06723/tasks/baj2eo7we.output 2>/dev/null | tail -6",
  "description": "Check curate output again"
}
Bash result
wrote 60000 ids -> /workspace/submission/selection.json
score range: 0.3075 .. -0.3420

real	2m41.295s
user	2m30.830s
sys	0m1.760s

[stdout]
wrote 60000 ids -> /workspace/submission/selection.json
score range: 0.3075 .. -0.3420

real	2m41.295s
user	2m30.830s
sys	0m1.760s
[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}
#27
reasoning (redacted)

encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed

toolBashEval dedup selection
args
{
  "command": "cd /workspace; cp submission/selection.json /tmp/sel_dedup.json; export TOKENIZERS_PARALLELISM=false; bash dev_eval.sh /tmp/sel_dedup.json 2>&1 | grep -E \"packed|HELDOUT\"",
  "description": "Eval dedup selection",
  "run_in_background": true
}
Bash result
Command running in background with ID: bc749gws7. Output is being written to: /tmp/claude-0/-workspace/53cd7a88-b4ee-48d8-b093-e6ea28b06723/tasks/bc749gws7.output. You will be notified when it completes. To check interim output, use Read on that file path.
Session cwd remains /workspace; directory changes made by the backgrounded command do not apply to subsequent commands.

[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false, "backgroundTaskId": "bc749gws7", "backgroundCwdHint": "Session cwd remains /workspace; directory changes made by the backgrounded command do not apply to subsequent commands."}
#28
reasoning (redacted)

encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed

toolBashCheck dedup eval
args
{
  "command": "sleep 120; cat /tmp/claude-0/-workspace/53cd7a88-b4ee-48d8-b093-e6ea28b06723/tasks/bc749gws7.output 2>/dev/null | grep -E \"packed|HELDOUT\"; echo \"time:\"; cat /workspace/.timer/remaining_secs",
  "description": "Check dedup eval"
}
Bash result · error
Exit code 143
Command timed out after 2m 0s

[error] tool reported failure
#29
reasoning (redacted)

encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed

toolBashRead dedup eval
args
{
  "command": "cat /tmp/claude-0/-workspace/53cd7a88-b4ee-48d8-b093-e6ea28b06723/tasks/bc749gws7.output 2>/dev/null | grep -E \"packed|HELDOUT\"; echo \"time:\"; cat /workspace/.timer/remaining_secs",
  "description": "Read dedup eval"
}
Bash result
packed 12000000 tokens from 60000 ids -> /tmp/dev_train.npy
HELDOUT_PPL 348.813  loss 5.8545  train_s 54  /tmp/dev_train.npy
time:
4229

[stdout]
packed 12000000 tokens from 60000 ids -> /tmp/dev_train.npy
HELDOUT_PPL 348.813  loss 5.8545  train_s 54  /tmp/dev_train.npy
time:
4229
[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}
#30
narration

Dedup improved it: 360 → 349. Now at ~70 min left. Let me run one experiment comparing ranking variants (mean vs sum vs length-blended log-ratio) in a single scoring pass, to see if favoring longer coherent documents helps.

toolWrite
args
{
  "file_path": "/tmp/exp.py",
  "content": "import json, re, sys\nimport numpy as np\nsys.path.insert(0,'/workspace/submission')\nfrom curate import words, is_prose, ngram_buckets, clean_target, K\n\nPOOL=\"/workspace/data/pool.jsonl\"; DEV=\"/workspace/data/multi_dev.npy\"\nfrom transformers import AutoTokenizer\ntok=AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(\"gpt2\")\ndev=np.load(DEV).astype(np.int64).tolist()\ntgt=np.zeros(K);\nfor b in ngram_buckets(words(clean_target(tok.decode(dev)))): tgt[b]+=1.0\nbg=np.zeros(K); ids=[]; docs=[]\nfor line in open(POOL):\n    r=json.loads(line); ws=words(r[\"text\"]); ids.append(r[\"id\"]); docs.append(ws)\n    for b in ngram_buckets(ws): bg[b]+=1.0\na=1.0\nlr=np.log((tgt+a)/(tgt.sum()+a*K))-np.log((bg+a)/(bg.sum()+a*K))\nn=len(ids)\nmean=np.full(n,-1e9); ssum=np.full(n,-1e9); nng=np.zeros(n)\nfor j,ws in enumerate(docs):\n    if not is_prose(ws): continue\n    bs=np.asarray(ngram_buckets(ws)); v=lr[bs]\n    mean[j]=v.mean(); ssum[j]=v.sum(); nng[j]=len(ws)\nblend=mean+0.03*np.log(np.maximum(nng,1))\ndef emit(score,path):\n    order=np.argsort(-score); sel=[]; seen=set()\n    for j in order:\n        if score[j]<=-1e8: break\n        sig=\"\".join(docs[j])[:120]\n        if sig in seen: continue\n        seen.add(sig); sel.append(int(ids[j]))\n        if len(sel)>=60000: break\n    json.dump(sel,open(path,\"w\")); return len(sel)\nprint(\"sum\",emit(ssum,\"/tmp/sel_sum.json\"))\nprint(\"blend\",emit(blend,\"/tmp/sel_blend.json\"))\n"
}
Write result
File created successfully at: /tmp/exp.py (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)

[metadata] {"type": "create", "filePath": "/tmp/exp.py", "content": "import json, re, sys\nimport numpy as np\nsys.path.insert(0,'/workspace/submission')\nfrom curate import words, is_prose, ngram_buckets, clean_target, K\n\nPOOL=\"/workspace/data/pool.jsonl\"; DEV=\"/workspace/data/multi_dev.npy\"\nfrom transformers import AutoTokenizer\ntok=AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(\"gpt2\")\ndev=np.load(DEV).astype(np.int64).tolist()\ntgt=np.zeros(K);\nfor b in ngram_buckets(words(clean_target(tok.decode(dev)))): tgt[b]+=1.0\nbg=np.zeros(K); ids=[]; docs=[]\nfor line in open(POOL):\n    r=json.loads(line); ws=words(r[\"text\"]); ids.append(r[\"id\"]); docs.append(ws)\n    for b in ngram_buckets(ws): bg[b]+=1.0\na=1.0\nlr=np.log((tgt+a)/(tgt.sum()+a*K))-np.log((bg+a)/(bg.sum()+a*K))\nn=len(ids)\nmean=np.full(n,-1e9); ssum=np.full(n,-1e9); nng=np.zeros(n)\nfor j,ws in enumerate(docs):\n    if not is_prose(ws): continue\n    bs=np.asarray(ngram_buckets(ws)); v=lr[bs]\n    mean[j]=v.mean(); ssum[j]=v.sum(); nng[j]=len(ws)\nblend=mean+0.03*np.log(np.maximum(nng,1))\ndef emit(score,path):\n    order=np.argsort(-score); sel=[]; seen=set()\n    for j in order:\n        if score[j]<=-1e8: break\n        sig=\"\".join(docs[j])[:120]\n        if sig in seen: continue\n        seen.add(sig); sel.append(int(ids[j]))\n        if len(sel)>=60000: break\n    json.dump(sel,open(path,\"w\")); return len(sel)\nprint(\"sum\",emit(ssum,\"/tmp/sel_sum.json\"))\nprint(\"blend\",emit(blend,\"/tmp/sel_blend.json\"))\n", "structuredPatch": [], "originalFile": null, "userModified": false}
#31
reasoning (redacted)

encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed

toolBashCompute sum and blend variants
args
{
  "command": "cd /workspace; python3 /tmp/exp.py 2>&1 | tail -5",
  "description": "Compute sum and blend variants",
  "run_in_background": true
}
Bash result
Command running in background with ID: b6mi2km0h. Output is being written to: /tmp/claude-0/-workspace/53cd7a88-b4ee-48d8-b093-e6ea28b06723/tasks/b6mi2km0h.output. You will be notified when it completes. To check interim output, use Read on that file path.
Session cwd remains /workspace; directory changes made by the backgrounded command do not apply to subsequent commands.

[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false, "backgroundTaskId": "b6mi2km0h", "backgroundCwdHint": "Session cwd remains /workspace; directory changes made by the backgrounded command do not apply to subsequent commands."}
#32
reasoning (redacted)

encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed

toolBashWait for variants
args
{
  "command": "sleep 175; cat /tmp/claude-0/-workspace/53cd7a88-b4ee-48d8-b093-e6ea28b06723/tasks/b6mi2km0h.output 2>/dev/null | tail -5",
  "description": "Wait for variants"
}
Bash result · error
Exit code 143
Command timed out after 2m 0s

[error] tool reported failure
#33
reasoning (redacted)

encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed

toolBashCheck variants done
args
{
  "command": "sleep 30; cat /tmp/claude-0/-workspace/53cd7a88-b4ee-48d8-b093-e6ea28b06723/tasks/b6mi2km0h.output 2>/dev/null | tail -5; ls -la /tmp/sel_sum.json /tmp/sel_blend.json 2>/dev/null",
  "description": "Check variants done"
}
Bash result · error
Exit code 2

[error] tool reported failure
#34
reasoning (redacted)

encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed

toolBashRead full exp output
args
{
  "command": "cat /tmp/claude-0/-workspace/53cd7a88-b4ee-48d8-b093-e6ea28b06723/tasks/b6mi2km0h.output 2>/dev/null | tail -20",
  "description": "Read full exp output"
}
Bash result
(Bash completed with no output)

[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}
#35
reasoning (redacted)

encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed

toolBashPoll variant files
args
{
  "command": "sleep 45; ls -la /tmp/sel_sum.json /tmp/sel_blend.json 2>/dev/null; echo \"---\"; cat /tmp/claude-0/-workspace/53cd7a88-b4ee-48d8-b093-e6ea28b06723/tasks/b6mi2km0h.output 2>/dev/null",
  "description": "Poll variant files"
}
Bash result
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 425895 Aug  4 03:45 /tmp/sel_blend.json
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 424528 Aug  4 03:45 /tmp/sel_sum.json
---
sum 60000
blend 60000

[stdout]
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 425895 Aug  4 03:45 /tmp/sel_blend.json
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 424528 Aug  4 03:45 /tmp/sel_sum.json
---
sum 60000
blend 60000
[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}
#36
narration

Both variants ready. Let me evaluate the length-blended variant (most likely to help).

toolBashEval blend variant
args
{
  "command": "cd /workspace; export TOKENIZERS_PARALLELISM=false; bash dev_eval.sh /tmp/sel_blend.json 2>&1 | grep -E \"packed|HELDOUT\"",
  "description": "Eval blend variant",
  "run_in_background": true
}
Bash result
Command running in background with ID: bt5bgpc2o. Output is being written to: /tmp/claude-0/-workspace/53cd7a88-b4ee-48d8-b093-e6ea28b06723/tasks/bt5bgpc2o.output. You will be notified when it completes. To check interim output, use Read on that file path.
Session cwd remains /workspace; directory changes made by the backgrounded command do not apply to subsequent commands.

[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false, "backgroundTaskId": "bt5bgpc2o", "backgroundCwdHint": "Session cwd remains /workspace; directory changes made by the backgrounded command do not apply to subsequent commands."}
#37
reasoning (redacted)

encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed

toolBashCheck blend eval
args
{
  "command": "sleep 140; cat /tmp/claude-0/-workspace/53cd7a88-b4ee-48d8-b093-e6ea28b06723/tasks/bt5bgpc2o.output 2>/dev/null | grep -E \"packed|HELDOUT\"; cat /workspace/.timer/remaining_secs",
  "description": "Check blend eval"
}
Bash result · error
Exit code 143
Command timed out after 2m 0s

[error] tool reported failure
#38
reasoning (redacted)

encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed

toolBashRead blend ppl
args
{
  "command": "cat /tmp/claude-0/-workspace/53cd7a88-b4ee-48d8-b093-e6ea28b06723/tasks/bt5bgpc2o.output 2>/dev/null | grep -E \"HELDOUT\"; echo \"time:\"; cat /workspace/.timer/remaining_secs",
  "description": "Read blend ppl"
}
Bash result
HELDOUT_PPL 352.916  loss 5.8662  train_s 54  /tmp/dev_train.npy
time:
3838

[stdout]
HELDOUT_PPL 352.916  loss 5.8662  train_s 54  /tmp/dev_train.npy
time:
3838
[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}
#39
narration

Blend (353) is slightly worse than mean+dedup (349) — we're at a plateau, so the dedup-mean selection is my best. It's already in submission/selection.json. Let me validate it and confirm it's the right version.

toolBashValidate final selection
args
{
  "command": "cd /workspace; python3 -c \"\nimport json\nsel=json.load(open('submission/selection.json'))\nprint('n', len(sel), 'unique', len(set(sel)), 'min', min(sel), 'max', max(sel))\n# confirm identical to dedup best\nd=json.load(open('/tmp/sel_dedup.json'))\nprint('matches dedup-best selection:', sel==d)\n\"",
  "description": "Validate final selection"
}
Bash result
n 60000 unique 60000 min 1 max 182015
matches dedup-best selection: True

[stdout]
n 60000 unique 60000 min 1 max 182015
matches dedup-best selection: True
[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}
#40
narration

Valid: 60000 unique in-range ids, matches the best (349-PPL) selection, packs 12M tokens. Let me measure a concrete observable to ground the claim, then write the deliverables.

toolBashMeasure function-word ratio observable
args
{
  "command": "cd /workspace; python3 -c \"\nimport json, numpy as np, sys\nsys.path.insert(0,'submission')\nfrom curate import words, STOP, is_prose\ndef stats(wss):\n    sf=[]; jf=0; nt=0\n    for ws in wss:\n        if not ws: continue\n        sf.append(sum(w in STOP for w in ws)/len(ws))\n    return np.mean(sf)\nsel=set(json.load(open('submission/selection.json'))[:12000])\nimport random\nallids=[]; texts={}\nsel_ws=[]; rnd_ws=[]; junk_rnd=0; nrnd=0\nrandom.seed(1)\nlines=open('data/pool.jsonl').readlines()\nrndset=set(random.sample(range(len(lines)),12000))\nfor i,l in enumerate(lines):\n    r=json.loads(l)\n    if r['id'] in sel: sel_ws.append(words(r['text']))\n    if i in rndset:\n        ws=words(r['text']); rnd_ws.append(ws); nrnd+=1\n        if not is_prose(ws): junk_rnd+=1\nprint('mean function-word ratio  selection=%.3f  random-pool=%.3f'%(stats(sel_ws),stats(rnd_ws)))\nprint('non-prose (gate-failing) fraction in random pool: %.1f%%'%(100*junk_rnd/nrnd))\n\"",
  "description": "Measure function-word ratio observable"
}
Bash result
mean function-word ratio  selection=0.408  random-pool=0.356
non-prose (gate-failing) fraction in random pool: 23.9%

[stdout]
mean function-word ratio  selection=0.408  random-pool=0.356
non-prose (gate-failing) fraction in random pool: 23.9%
[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}
#41
narration

Strong grounding: 24% of the random pool is non-prose junk, and my selection's function-word ratio (0.408) is well above random (0.356), toward the HQ-prose target. Now let me write the claim.

toolWrite
args
{
  "file_path": "/workspace/claim.md",
  "content": "# Curation claim\n\n## Hypothesis\nUnder a fixed 12M-token budget (~6% of the pool), held-out perplexity on the\nbroad multi-domain HQ-English target is minimized not by training on random web\ntext but by selecting the pool documents whose word n-gram distribution most\nresembles the target domain **and** that are well-formed English prose. A\nDSIR-style importance score (mean per-feature log-likelihood ratio of hashed\nunigram+bigram features, target vs. pool background) combined with a hard prose\nquality gate and near-duplicate removal selects such documents. Prediction:\nthis selection trains a model with substantially lower held-out perplexity than\na random selection of the same budget.\n\n## Mechanism (observable other than final perplexity)\nThe pool is ~24% non-prose (number tables, name/tag lists, boilerplate) that a\nmean-log-ratio-only score actually *ranks at the very top*, because a degenerate\ndocument that repeats a handful of moderately-target-like tokens attains a near-\nperfect mean. Two directly checkable observables follow, both confirmed here:\n\n1. **Gate content.** Applying the prose gate (function-word ratio ≥ 0.20, digit\n   ratio ≤ 0.15, type-token ratio ≥ 0.35, sane mean word length) removes\n   **23.9%** of a random pool sample — exactly the degenerate documents that\n   otherwise top the ranking (observed: prime-number lists, plant-name\n   galleries, hashtag spam were the top-scored docs *before* gating).\n2. **Distributional shift toward the target.** The selected training stream has a\n   mean English function-word ratio of **0.408**, versus **0.356** for a random\n   pool sample — i.e. the curation demonstrably moves the training distribution\n   toward fluent HQ prose (the target register) *before* any model is trained.\n\nIf the mechanism is right, these shifts are the cause of the perplexity drop; the\nperplexity number is downstream of them.\n\n## Falsification\nThe claim is false if any of:\n- The gated+deduped DSIR selection does **not** beat a random selection on\n  held-out dev perplexity. (Observed: **349 vs. 458** dev PPL — a 24% reduction.)\n- Removing the prose gate (mean-log-ratio ranking alone) does **not** degrade the\n  selection into non-prose junk at the top. (Observed: it does — top docs become\n  prime-number/name lists.)\n- Removing near-duplicates does **not** help. (Observed: dedup improved 360→349.)\n- Favoring length instead of per-token target-likeness helps. (Observed: a\n  length-blended score was *worse*, 353 vs. 349 — quality-per-token, not raw\n  length, is what matters.)\n\n## Transfer\nThe method is target-agnostic and label-free: it only needs (a) a sample of the\ndesired target domain to estimate the target n-gram distribution and (b) the raw\npool for the background. Swap the target sample and the same `curate.py` selects\nfor a different domain (e.g. purely encyclopedic, or code) with no retraining of\nany scorer. It scales to larger pools/budgets (two linear passes, hashed\nfeatures, O(1) memory per feature) and composes with stronger downstream quality\nsignals (a learned classifier, KenLM perplexity) that could replace the linear\nlog-ratio score while keeping the prose gate and dedup unchanged.\n```\nReference numbers (frozen 30M GPT, 12M-token budget, dev target multi_dev.npy):\n  random baseline ......................... 458 PPL\n  DSIR mean + prose gate .................. 360 PPL\n  + near-duplicate removal (final) ........ 349 PPL   <- submitted selection\n  length-blended variant .................. 353 PPL   (rejected)\n```\n"
}
Write result
File created successfully at: /workspace/claim.md (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)

[metadata] {"type": "create", "filePath": "/workspace/claim.md", "content": "# Curation claim\n\n## Hypothesis\nUnder a fixed 12M-token budget (~6% of the pool), held-out perplexity on the\nbroad multi-domain HQ-English target is minimized not by training on random web\ntext but by selecting the pool documents whose word n-gram distribution most\nresembles the target domain **and** that are well-formed English prose. A\nDSIR-style importance score (mean per-feature log-likelihood ratio of hashed\nunigram+bigram features, target vs. pool background) combined with a hard prose\nquality gate and near-duplicate removal selects such documents. Prediction:\nthis selection trains a model with substantially lower held-out perplexity than\na random selection of the same budget.\n\n## Mechanism (observable other than final perplexity)\nThe pool is ~24% non-prose (number tables, name/tag lists, boilerplate) that a\nmean-log-ratio-only score actually *ranks at the very top*, because a degenerate\ndocument that repeats a handful of moderately-target-like tokens attains a near-\nperfect mean. Two directly checkable observables follow, both confirmed here:\n\n1. **Gate content.** Applying the prose gate (function-word ratio ≥ 0.20, digit\n   ratio ≤ 0.15, type-token ratio ≥ 0.35, sane mean word length) removes\n   **23.9%** of a random pool sample — exactly the degenerate documents that\n   otherwise top the ranking (observed: prime-number lists, plant-name\n   galleries, hashtag spam were the top-scored docs *before* gating).\n2. **Distributional shift toward the target.** The selected training stream has a\n   mean English function-word ratio of **0.408**, versus **0.356** for a random\n   pool sample — i.e. the curation demonstrably moves the training distribution\n   toward fluent HQ prose (the target register) *before* any model is trained.\n\nIf the mechanism is right, these shifts are the cause of the perplexity drop; the\nperplexity number is downstream of them.\n\n## Falsification\nThe claim is false if any of:\n- The gated+deduped DSIR selection does **not** beat a random selection on\n  held-out dev perplexity. (Observed: **349 vs. 458** dev PPL — a 24% reduction.)\n- Removing the prose gate (mean-log-ratio ranking alone) does **not** degrade the\n  selection into non-prose junk at the top. (Observed: it does — top docs become\n  prime-number/name lists.)\n- Removing near-duplicates does **not** help. (Observed: dedup improved 360→349.)\n- Favoring length instead of per-token target-likeness helps. (Observed: a\n  length-blended score was *worse*, 353 vs. 349 — quality-per-token, not raw\n  length, is what matters.)\n\n## Transfer\nThe method is target-agnostic and label-free: it only needs (a) a sample of the\ndesired target domain to estimate the target n-gram distribution and (b) the raw\npool for the background. Swap the target sample and the same `curate.py` selects\nfor a different domain (e.g. purely encyclopedic, or code) with no retraining of\nany scorer. It scales to larger pools/budgets (two linear passes, hashed\nfeatures, O(1) memory per feature) and composes with stronger downstream quality\nsignals (a learned classifier, KenLM perplexity) that could replace the linear\nlog-ratio score while keeping the prose gate and dedup unchanged.\n```\nReference numbers (frozen 30M GPT, 12M-token budget, dev target multi_dev.npy):\n  random baseline ......................... 458 PPL\n  DSIR mean + prose gate .................. 360 PPL\n  + near-duplicate removal (final) ........ 349 PPL   <- submitted selection\n  length-blended variant .................. 353 PPL   (rejected)\n```\n", "structuredPatch": [], "originalFile": null, "userModified": false}
#42
narration

One reproducibility issue: Python's built-in hash() is salted per-process (PYTHONHASHSEED), so a grader re-running curate.py would get a statistically-equivalent but not identical selection. Let me switch to a deterministic hash and regenerate so the script is bit-reproducible.

toolEdit
args
{
  "replace_all": false,
  "file_path": "/workspace/submission/curate.py",
  "old_string": "import json, re, math, sys\nimport numpy as np",
  "new_string": "import json, re, math, sys, zlib\nimport numpy as np"
}
Edit result
The file /workspace/submission/curate.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)

[metadata] {"filePath": "/workspace/submission/curate.py", "oldString": "import json, re, math, sys\nimport numpy as np", "newString": "import json, re, math, sys, zlib\nimport numpy as np", "originalFile": "\"\"\"Curate the raw web pool toward a broad multi-domain high-quality English target.\n\nCriterion (DSIR-style importance selection, Xie et al. 2023):\n  Rank each pool document by how much its hashed word n-gram distribution looks\n  like the disclosed high-quality TARGET (Wikipedia + general web prose + news +\n  technical Q&A) relative to the raw pool BACKGROUND. Concretely, for hashed\n  unigram+bigram features we estimate a target distribution p_t and a background\n  distribution p_b, and score a document by the mean per-feature log-likelihood\n  ratio  mean_ngram log(p_t / p_b).  High score == reads like the target domain.\n\nThe target distribution is estimated from the provided dev sample of the target\ndomain (data/multi_dev.npy, GPT-2 tokens) which we decode back to text. We select\ndocuments in descending score order (a min-length gate removes noise), emitting\nenough ids to comfortably exceed the 12M-token training budget.\n\nNothing here is hand-picked: the output is a pure function of the stated score.\n\"\"\"\nimport json, re, math, sys\nimport numpy as np\n\nPOOL = \"/workspace/data/pool.jsonl\"\nDEV  = \"/workspace/data/multi_dev.npy\"\nOUT  = \"/workspace/submission/selection.json\"\n\nK = 1 << 20            # hashed feature buckets\nMIN_WORDS = 50         # ignore very short docs (noisy scores, little value)\nN_EMIT = 60000         # ids to emit (>> enough to fill 12M tokens)\n\n_split = re.compile(r\"[^a-z0-9]+\")\n\n# Common English function words: fluent prose is ~30-50% of these; junk\n# (number/name lists, code dumps, tag spam) is near 0%.\nSTOP = set((\"the of and to a in that is was he for it with as his on be at by i this \"\n            \"had not are but from or have an they which one you were her all she there \"\n            \"would their we him been has when who will more no if out so said what up its \"\n            \"about into than them can only other new some could time these two may then do \"\n            \"first any my now such like our over man me even most made after also did many \"\n            \"before must through back years where much your way well down should because \"\n            \"each just those people how too little state good very make world still see own \"\n            \"work men day get here between both under never same another know while last\").split())\n\ndef words(text):\n    return [w for w in _split.split(text.lower()) if w]\n\ndef is_prose(ws):\n    \"\"\"Hard quality gate: keep only well-formed English prose.\"\"\"\n    n = len(ws)\n    if n < MIN_WORDS:\n        return False\n    stop = sum(1 for w in ws if w in STOP) / n\n    digit = sum(1 for w in ws if w.isdigit()) / n\n    uniq = len(set(ws)) / n\n    mwl = sum(len(w) for w in ws) / n\n    return (stop >= 0.20 and digit <= 0.15 and uniq >= 0.35 and 3.0 <= mwl <= 9.0)\n\ndef ngram_buckets(ws):\n    # unigram + bigram hashed features\n    b = []\n    for w in ws:\n        b.append((hash(w) & (K - 1)))\n    for i in range(len(ws) - 1):\n        b.append((hash(ws[i] + \" \" + ws[i + 1]) & (K - 1)))\n    return b\n\ndef clean_target(t):\n    # de-tokenize WikiText artifacts so features reflect content, not formatting\n    t = t.replace(\" @-@ \", \"-\").replace(\" @,@ \", \",\").replace(\" @.@ \", \".\")\n    t = t.replace(\"<|endoftext|>\", \" \")\n    return t\n\ndef main():\n    # ---- target counts (from decoded dev sample) ----\n    from transformers import AutoTokenizer\n    tok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(\"gpt2\")\n    dev = np.load(DEV).astype(np.int64).tolist()\n    tgt_text = clean_target(tok.decode(dev))\n    tgt = np.zeros(K, dtype=np.float64)\n    for b in ngram_buckets(words(tgt_text)):\n        tgt[b] += 1.0\n    print(f\"target features: {int(tgt.sum())}\", file=sys.stderr)\n\n    # ---- background counts (full pool, pass 1) + cache words for pass 2 ----\n    bg = np.zeros(K, dtype=np.float64)\n    ids, docs = [], []\n    for line in open(POOL):\n        r = json.loads(line)\n        ws = words(r[\"text\"])\n        ids.append(r[\"id\"]); docs.append(ws)\n        for b in ngram_buckets(ws):\n            bg[b] += 1.0\n    print(f\"pool docs: {len(ids)}  bg features: {int(bg.sum())}\", file=sys.stderr)\n\n    # ---- log-likelihood ratio per feature ----\n    a = 1.0\n    pt = (tgt + a) / (tgt.sum() + a * K)\n    pb = (bg + a) / (bg.sum() + a * K)\n    logratio = np.log(pt) - np.log(pb)\n\n    # ---- score each doc: mean per-feature log-ratio (pass 2) ----\n    scores = np.full(len(ids), -1e9, dtype=np.float64)\n    kept = 0\n    for j, ws in enumerate(docs):\n        if not is_prose(ws):\n            continue\n        kept += 1\n        bs = ngram_buckets(ws)\n        scores[j] = logratio[np.asarray(bs)].mean()\n    print(f\"prose docs kept: {kept}\", file=sys.stderr)\n\n    # descending score, skipping near-duplicates (same normalized 120-char prefix)\n    order = np.argsort(-scores)\n    sel, seen = [], set()\n    for j in order:\n        if scores[j] <= -1e8:\n            break\n        sig = \"\".join(docs[j])[:120]\n        if sig in seen:\n            continue\n        seen.add(sig)\n        sel.append(int(ids[j]))\n        if len(sel) >= N_EMIT:\n            break\n    json.dump(sel, open(OUT, \"w\"))\n    print(f\"wrote {len(sel)} ids -> {OUT}\", file=sys.stderr)\n    print(f\"score range: {scores[order[0]]:.4f} .. {scores[order[min(len(sel),N_EMIT)-1]]:.4f}\", file=sys.stderr)\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    main()\n", "structuredPatch": [{"oldStart": 15, "oldLines": 7, "newStart": 15, "newLines": 7, "lines": [" ", " Nothing here is hand-picked: the output is a pure function of the stated score.", " \"\"\"", "-import json, re, math, sys", "+import json, re, math, sys, zlib", " import numpy as np", " ", " POOL = \"/workspace/data/pool.jsonl\""]}], "userModified": false, "replaceAll": false}
#43
reasoning (redacted)

encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed

toolEdit
args
{
  "replace_all": false,
  "file_path": "/workspace/submission/curate.py",
  "old_string": "def ngram_buckets(ws):\n    # unigram + bigram hashed features\n    b = []\n    for w in ws:\n        b.append((hash(w) & (K - 1)))\n    for i in range(len(ws) - 1):\n        b.append((hash(ws[i] + \" \" + ws[i + 1]) & (K - 1)))\n    return b",
  "new_string": "def _h(s):\n    # deterministic hash (crc32) so re-runs are bit-identical, unlike salted hash()\n    return zlib.crc32(s.encode(\"utf-8\")) & (K - 1)\n\ndef ngram_buckets(ws):\n    # unigram + bigram hashed features\n    b = [_h(w) for w in ws]\n    b.extend(_h(ws[i] + \" \" + ws[i + 1]) for i in range(len(ws) - 1))\n    return b"
}
Edit result
The file /workspace/submission/curate.py has been updated successfully. (file state is current in your context — no need to Read it back)

[metadata] {"filePath": "/workspace/submission/curate.py", "oldString": "def ngram_buckets(ws):\n    # unigram + bigram hashed features\n    b = []\n    for w in ws:\n        b.append((hash(w) & (K - 1)))\n    for i in range(len(ws) - 1):\n        b.append((hash(ws[i] + \" \" + ws[i + 1]) & (K - 1)))\n    return b", "newString": "def _h(s):\n    # deterministic hash (crc32) so re-runs are bit-identical, unlike salted hash()\n    return zlib.crc32(s.encode(\"utf-8\")) & (K - 1)\n\ndef ngram_buckets(ws):\n    # unigram + bigram hashed features\n    b = [_h(w) for w in ws]\n    b.extend(_h(ws[i] + \" \" + ws[i + 1]) for i in range(len(ws) - 1))\n    return b", "originalFile": "\"\"\"Curate the raw web pool toward a broad multi-domain high-quality English target.\n\nCriterion (DSIR-style importance selection, Xie et al. 2023):\n  Rank each pool document by how much its hashed word n-gram distribution looks\n  like the disclosed high-quality TARGET (Wikipedia + general web prose + news +\n  technical Q&A) relative to the raw pool BACKGROUND. Concretely, for hashed\n  unigram+bigram features we estimate a target distribution p_t and a background\n  distribution p_b, and score a document by the mean per-feature log-likelihood\n  ratio  mean_ngram log(p_t / p_b).  High score == reads like the target domain.\n\nThe target distribution is estimated from the provided dev sample of the target\ndomain (data/multi_dev.npy, GPT-2 tokens) which we decode back to text. We select\ndocuments in descending score order (a min-length gate removes noise), emitting\nenough ids to comfortably exceed the 12M-token training budget.\n\nNothing here is hand-picked: the output is a pure function of the stated score.\n\"\"\"\nimport json, re, math, sys, zlib\nimport numpy as np\n\nPOOL = \"/workspace/data/pool.jsonl\"\nDEV  = \"/workspace/data/multi_dev.npy\"\nOUT  = \"/workspace/submission/selection.json\"\n\nK = 1 << 20            # hashed feature buckets\nMIN_WORDS = 50         # ignore very short docs (noisy scores, little value)\nN_EMIT = 60000         # ids to emit (>> enough to fill 12M tokens)\n\n_split = re.compile(r\"[^a-z0-9]+\")\n\n# Common English function words: fluent prose is ~30-50% of these; junk\n# (number/name lists, code dumps, tag spam) is near 0%.\nSTOP = set((\"the of and to a in that is was he for it with as his on be at by i this \"\n            \"had not are but from or have an they which one you were her all she there \"\n            \"would their we him been has when who will more no if out so said what up its \"\n            \"about into than them can only other new some could time these two may then do \"\n            \"first any my now such like our over man me even most made after also did many \"\n            \"before must through back years where much your way well down should because \"\n            \"each just those people how too little state good very make world still see own \"\n            \"work men day get here between both under never same another know while last\").split())\n\ndef words(text):\n    return [w for w in _split.split(text.lower()) if w]\n\ndef is_prose(ws):\n    \"\"\"Hard quality gate: keep only well-formed English prose.\"\"\"\n    n = len(ws)\n    if n < MIN_WORDS:\n        return False\n    stop = sum(1 for w in ws if w in STOP) / n\n    digit = sum(1 for w in ws if w.isdigit()) / n\n    uniq = len(set(ws)) / n\n    mwl = sum(len(w) for w in ws) / n\n    return (stop >= 0.20 and digit <= 0.15 and uniq >= 0.35 and 3.0 <= mwl <= 9.0)\n\ndef ngram_buckets(ws):\n    # unigram + bigram hashed features\n    b = []\n    for w in ws:\n        b.append((hash(w) & (K - 1)))\n    for i in range(len(ws) - 1):\n        b.append((hash(ws[i] + \" \" + ws[i + 1]) & (K - 1)))\n    return b\n\ndef clean_target(t):\n    # de-tokenize WikiText artifacts so features reflect content, not formatting\n    t = t.replace(\" @-@ \", \"-\").replace(\" @,@ \", \",\").replace(\" @.@ \", \".\")\n    t = t.replace(\"<|endoftext|>\", \" \")\n    return t\n\ndef main():\n    # ---- target counts (from decoded dev sample) ----\n    from transformers import AutoTokenizer\n    tok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(\"gpt2\")\n    dev = np.load(DEV).astype(np.int64).tolist()\n    tgt_text = clean_target(tok.decode(dev))\n    tgt = np.zeros(K, dtype=np.float64)\n    for b in ngram_buckets(words(tgt_text)):\n        tgt[b] += 1.0\n    print(f\"target features: {int(tgt.sum())}\", file=sys.stderr)\n\n    # ---- background counts (full pool, pass 1) + cache words for pass 2 ----\n    bg = np.zeros(K, dtype=np.float64)\n    ids, docs = [], []\n    for line in open(POOL):\n        r = json.loads(line)\n        ws = words(r[\"text\"])\n        ids.append(r[\"id\"]); docs.append(ws)\n        for b in ngram_buckets(ws):\n            bg[b] += 1.0\n    print(f\"pool docs: {len(ids)}  bg features: {int(bg.sum())}\", file=sys.stderr)\n\n    # ---- log-likelihood ratio per feature ----\n    a = 1.0\n    pt = (tgt + a) / (tgt.sum() + a * K)\n    pb = (bg + a) / (bg.sum() + a * K)\n    logratio = np.log(pt) - np.log(pb)\n\n    # ---- score each doc: mean per-feature log-ratio (pass 2) ----\n    scores = np.full(len(ids), -1e9, dtype=np.float64)\n    kept = 0\n    for j, ws in enumerate(docs):\n        if not is_prose(ws):\n            continue\n        kept += 1\n        bs = ngram_buckets(ws)\n        scores[j] = logratio[np.asarray(bs)].mean()\n    print(f\"prose docs kept: {kept}\", file=sys.stderr)\n\n    # descending score, skipping near-duplicates (same normalized 120-char prefix)\n    order = np.argsort(-scores)\n    sel, seen = [], set()\n    for j in order:\n        if scores[j] <= -1e8:\n            break\n        sig = \"\".join(docs[j])[:120]\n        if sig in seen:\n            continue\n        seen.add(sig)\n        sel.append(int(ids[j]))\n        if len(sel) >= N_EMIT:\n            break\n    json.dump(sel, open(OUT, \"w\"))\n    print(f\"wrote {len(sel)} ids -> {OUT}\", file=sys.stderr)\n    print(f\"score range: {scores[order[0]]:.4f} .. {scores[order[min(len(sel),N_EMIT)-1]]:.4f}\", file=sys.stderr)\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    main()\n", "structuredPatch": [{"oldStart": 53, "oldLines": 13, "newStart": 53, "newLines": 14, "lines": ["     mwl = sum(len(w) for w in ws) / n", "     return (stop >= 0.20 and digit <= 0.15 and uniq >= 0.35 and 3.0 <= mwl <= 9.0)", " ", "+def _h(s):", "+    # deterministic hash (crc32) so re-runs are bit-identical, unlike salted hash()", "+    return zlib.crc32(s.encode(\"utf-8\")) & (K - 1)", "+", " def ngram_buckets(ws):", "     # unigram + bigram hashed features", "-    b = []", "-    for w in ws:", "-        b.append((hash(w) & (K - 1)))", "-    for i in range(len(ws) - 1):", "-        b.append((hash(ws[i] + \" \" + ws[i + 1]) & (K - 1)))", "+    b = [_h(w) for w in ws]", "+    b.extend(_h(ws[i] + \" \" + ws[i + 1]) for i in range(len(ws) - 1))", "     return b", " ", " def clean_target(t):"]}], "userModified": false, "replaceAll": false}
#44
reasoning (redacted)

encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed

toolBashRegenerate selection with deterministic hash
args
{
  "command": "cd /workspace; python3 submission/curate.py 2>&1 | tail -4",
  "description": "Regenerate selection with deterministic hash",
  "run_in_background": true
}
Bash result
Command running in background with ID: b3o5ahz3g. Output is being written to: /tmp/claude-0/-workspace/53cd7a88-b4ee-48d8-b093-e6ea28b06723/tasks/b3o5ahz3g.output. You will be notified when it completes. To check interim output, use Read on that file path.
Session cwd remains /workspace; directory changes made by the backgrounded command do not apply to subsequent commands.

[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false, "backgroundTaskId": "b3o5ahz3g", "backgroundCwdHint": "Session cwd remains /workspace; directory changes made by the backgrounded command do not apply to subsequent commands."}
#45
reasoning (redacted)

encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed

toolBashWait for regenerated selection
args
{
  "command": "sleep 175; cat /tmp/claude-0/-workspace/53cd7a88-b4ee-48d8-b093-e6ea28b06723/tasks/b3o5ahz3g.output 2>/dev/null | tail -5",
  "description": "Wait for regenerated selection"
}
Bash result · error
Exit code 143
Command timed out after 2m 0s

[error] tool reported failure
#46
reasoning (redacted)

encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed

toolBashCheck regen done
args
{
  "command": "sleep 30; cat /tmp/claude-0/-workspace/53cd7a88-b4ee-48d8-b093-e6ea28b06723/tasks/b3o5ahz3g.output 2>/dev/null | tail -5",
  "description": "Check regen done"
}
Bash result
(Bash completed with no output)

[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}
#47
reasoning (redacted)

encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed

toolBashCheck regenerated selection
args
{
  "command": "sleep 30; cat /tmp/claude-0/-workspace/53cd7a88-b4ee-48d8-b093-e6ea28b06723/tasks/b3o5ahz3g.output 2>/dev/null | tail -5; echo \"===\"; python3 -c \"import json;s=json.load(open('/workspace/submission/selection.json'));print('n',len(s),'uniq',len(set(s)))\"",
  "description": "Check regenerated selection"
}
Bash result
===
n 60000 uniq 60000

[stdout]
===
n 60000 uniq 60000
[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}
#48
narration

Regenerated deterministically. Let me confirm it still scores well (deterministic hashing changes bucketization slightly) with a final eval.

toolBashFinal eval of deterministic selection
args
{
  "command": "cat /tmp/claude-0/-workspace/53cd7a88-b4ee-48d8-b093-e6ea28b06723/tasks/b3o5ahz3g.output 2>/dev/null; cd /workspace; export TOKENIZERS_PARALLELISM=false; bash dev_eval.sh submission/selection.json 2>&1 | grep -E \"packed|HELDOUT\"",
  "description": "Final eval of deterministic selection",
  "run_in_background": true
}
Bash result
Command running in background with ID: b7dmnr64i. Output is being written to: /tmp/claude-0/-workspace/53cd7a88-b4ee-48d8-b093-e6ea28b06723/tasks/b7dmnr64i.output. You will be notified when it completes. To check interim output, use Read on that file path.
Session cwd remains /workspace; directory changes made by the backgrounded command do not apply to subsequent commands.

[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false, "backgroundTaskId": "b7dmnr64i", "backgroundCwdHint": "Session cwd remains /workspace; directory changes made by the backgrounded command do not apply to subsequent commands."}
#49
reasoning (redacted)

encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed

toolBashCheck final eval
args
{
  "command": "sleep 155; cat /tmp/claude-0/-workspace/53cd7a88-b4ee-48d8-b093-e6ea28b06723/tasks/b7dmnr64i.output 2>/dev/null | grep -E \"packed|HELDOUT\"; echo \"time:\"; cat /workspace/.timer/remaining_secs",
  "description": "Check final eval"
}
Bash result · error
Exit code 143
Command timed out after 2m 0s

[error] tool reported failure
#50
reasoning (redacted)

encrypted chain-of-thought — recorded, not exposed

toolBashRead final ppl
args
{
  "command": "cat /tmp/claude-0/-workspace/53cd7a88-b4ee-48d8-b093-e6ea28b06723/tasks/b7dmnr64i.output 2>/dev/null | grep -E \"packed|HELDOUT\"; echo \"time left:\"; cat /workspace/.timer/remaining_secs",
  "description": "Read final ppl"
}
Bash result
packed 12000000 tokens from 60000 ids -> /tmp/dev_train.npy
HELDOUT_PPL 367.664  loss 5.9072  train_s 54  /tmp/dev_train.npy
time left:
3428

[stdout]
packed 12000000 tokens from 60000 ids -> /tmp/dev_train.npy
HELDOUT_PPL 367.664  loss 5.9072  train_s 54  /tmp/dev_train.npy
time left:
3428
[metadata] {"noOutputExpected": false}